Elm TypeScript Interop


Watch this short video tutorial to see elm-typescript-interop in action!

Use type-safe ports between Elm and TypeScript for end-to-end type-safety!

We love the safety and guarantees that Elm gives us. But we accept that we must give those up in our native javascript code for our Elm applications and the seams between the two languages. elm-typescript-interop gives the same guarantees of no runtime exceptions for sending and receiving data between Elm and TypeScript. If your code compiles, you have the guarantee that the data you're sending will be what Elm is expecting. No more unexpected data runtime errors from Elm!

Usage

Just run the elm-typescript-interop command-line interface in an Elm project directory
and it will generate TypeScript type declaration files (.d.ts) in the appropriate places
to give you type-safety and autocompletion for your Elm ports!

- npm install --save-dev elm-typescript-interop.
- Add an entry in your package.json scripts section to run
elm-typescript-interop before each build.

Alternatively, you can run npx elm-typescript-interop.

See github.com/dillonkearns/elm-typescript-starter for reference or to setup a brand new project.

See github.com/dillonkearns/mobster
for a real-world example of this library in action.

Elm Ports Vs. Elm-TypeScript-Interop Ports

The Elm Guide describes all the supported types for javascript interop. Note that this is improved with elm-typescript-interop:

Booleans and Strings – both exist in Elm and JS!
Numbers – Elm ints and floats correspond to JS numbers
Lists – correspond to JS arrays
Arrays – correspond to JS arrays
Tuples – *correspond to TypeScript tuples in elm-typescript-interop
Records – correspond to JavaScript objects *(with type-safety)
Maybes – Nothing and Just 42 correspond to null and 42 in JS
*In elm-typescript-interop, the type will be (number | null)
Json – Json.Encode.Value corresponds to arbitrary JSON

$3

To learn more about the types in TypeScript, see https://basarat.gitbooks.io/typescript/docs/types/type-system.html.

Json.Encode.Value <-> any Avoid this escape hatch when possible. If your TypeScript value may take on multiple types, use this type paired with a decoder.

Boolean <-> boolean

String <-> string

Maybe Boolean <-> boolean | null

Int or Float <-> number

List String or Array String <-> string[]
(or other types besides String, of course)

{ username: String, id: Int } <-> { username: string; id: number}

(Int, String) <-> [Int, String]

With regular Elm JS interop, the recommended approach is to use decoders so you can more gracefully handle unexpected types rather than ending execution with a runtime exception. With elm-typescript-interop, it is actually _safer_ to use raw types because they are guaranteed to match up. With the caveat that you lose this guarantee if you are passing in something with an any type, in this case it is better to make this uncertainty explicit by declaring the type as a Json.Decode.Value.
This is no longer the case when you use elm-typescript-interop.

The recommended approach with elm-typescript-interop is the opposite: avoid
using Json.Encode.Value for ports and flags. Using Elm types here allows us to
have guaranteed type-safety between Elm and TypeScript, so there's no need to use
a decoder to safely handle unexpected types. With elm-typescript-interop, it is
recommended that you use Json.Encode.Value only if for some reason a
TypeScript type cannot be known at compile-time.

Both are excellent resources, and this was true with the limitations of javascript.
TypeScript provides type-safety and more expressive types that allow us to
interoperate better with Elm.