Comlink makes WebWorkers enjoyable
npm install @sourcegraph/comlinkComlink makes [WebWorkers][webworker] enjoyable. Comlink is a tiny library (1.1kB), that removes the mental barrier of thinking about postMessage and hides the fact that you are working with workers.
At a more abstract level it is an RPC implementation for postMessage and [ES6 Proxies][es6 proxy].
``
$ npm install --save comlink
!Chrome 56+
!Edge 15+
!Firefox 52+
!Opera 43+
!Safari 10.1+
!Samsung Internet 6.0+
Browsers without [ES6 Proxy] support can use the [proxy-polyfill].
Size: ~2.5k, ~1.2k gzip’d, ~1.1k brotli’d
On mobile phones, and especially on low-end mobile phones, it is important to keep the main thread as idle as possible so it can respond to user interactions quickly and provide a jank-free experience. The UI thread ought to be for UI work only. WebWorkers are a web API that allow you to run code in a separate thread. To communicate with another thread, WebWorkers offer the postMessage API. You can send JavaScript objects as messages using myWorker.postMessage(someObject), triggering a message event inside the worker.
Comlink turns this messaged-based API into a something more developer-friendly by providing an RPC implementation: Values from one thread can be used within the other thread (and vice versa) just like local values.
main.js
`javascriptpostMessage
import * as Comlink from "https://unpkg.com/comlink/dist/esm/comlink.mjs";
async function init() {
const worker = new Worker("worker.js");
// WebWorkers use and therefore work with Comlink.Counter: ${await obj.counter}
const obj = Comlink.wrap(worker);
alert();Counter: ${await obj.counter}
await obj.inc();
alert();`
}
init();
worker.js
`javascript
importScripts("https://unpkg.com/comlink/dist/umd/comlink.js");
// importScripts("../../../dist/umd/comlink.js");
const obj = {
counter: 0,
inc() {
this.counter++;
},
};
Comlink.expose(obj);
`
main.js
`javascriptResult: ${value}
import * as Comlink from "https://unpkg.com/comlink/dist/esm/comlink.mjs";
// import * as Comlink from "../../../dist/esm/comlink.mjs";
function callback(value) {
alert();`
}
async function init() {
const remoteFunction = Comlink.wrap(new Worker("worker.js"));
await remoteFunction(Comlink.proxy(callback));
}
init();
worker.js
`javascript
importScripts("https://unpkg.com/comlink/dist/umd/comlink.js");
// importScripts("../../../dist/umd/comlink.js");
async function remoteFunction(cb) {
await cb("A string from a worker");
}
Comlink.expose(remoteFunction);
`
For additional examples, please see the docs/examples directory in the project.
Comlink’s goal is to make _exposed_ values from one thread available in the other. expose exposes value on endpoint, where endpoint is a [postMessage-like interface][endpoint].
wrap wraps the _other_ end of the message channel and returns a proxy. The proxy will have all properties and functions of the exposed value, but access and invocations are inherently asynchronous. This means that a function that returns a number will now return _a promise_ for a number. As a rule of thumb: If you are using the proxy, put await in front of it. Exceptions will be caught and re-thrown on the other side.
By default, every function parameter, return value and object property value is copied, in the sense of [structured cloning]. Structured cloning can be thought of as deep copying, but has some limitations. See [this table][structured clone table] for details.
If you want a value to be transferred rather than copied — provided the value is or contains a [Transferable][transferable] — you can wrap the value in a transfer() call and provide a list of transferable values:
`js`
const data = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
await myProxy.someFunction(Comlink.transfer(data, [data.buffer]));
Lastly, you can use Comlink.proxy(value). When using this Comlink will neither copy nor transfer the value, but instead send a proxy. Both threads now work on the same value. This is useful for callbacks, for example, as functions are neither structured cloneable nor transferable.
`js`
myProxy.onready = Comlink.proxy((data) => {
/ ... /
});
It is common that you want to use Comlink to add an event listener, where the event source is on another thread:
`js`
button.addEventListener("click", myProxy.onClick.bind(myProxy));
While this won’t throw immediately, onClick will never actually be called. This is because [Event][event] is neither structured cloneable nor transferable. As a workaround, Comlink offers transfer handlers.
Each function parameter and return value is given to _all_ registered transfer handlers. If one of the event handler signals that it can process the value by returning true from canHandle(), it is now responsible for serializing the value to structured cloneable data and for deserializing the value. A transfer handler has be set up on _both sides_ of the message channel. Here’s an example transfer handler for events:
`js`
Comlink.transferHandlers.set("EVENT", {
canHandle: (obj) => obj instanceof Event,
serialize: (ev) => {
return [
{
target: {
id: ev.target.id,
classList: [...ev.target.classList],
},
},
[],
];
},
deserialize: (obj) => obj,
});
Note that this particular transfer handler won’t create an actual Event, but just an object that has the event.target.id and event.target.classList property. Often, this enough. If not, the transfer handler can be easily augmented to provide all necessary data.
Every proxy created by Comlink has the [releaseProxy] method.
Calling it will detach the proxy and the exposed object from the message channel, allowing both ends to be garbage collected.
`js`
const proxy = Comlink.wrap(port);
// ... use the proxy ...
proxy[Comlink.releaseProxy]();
Every proxy created by Comlink has the [createEndpoint] method.MessagePort
Calling it will return a new , that has been hooked up to the same object as the proxy that [createEndpoint] has been called on.
`js`
const port = myProxy[Comlink.createEndpoint]();
const newProxy = Comlink.wrap(port);
Windows and Web Workers have a slightly different variants of postMessage. If you want to use Comlink to communicate with an iframe or another window, you need to wrap it with windowEndpoint().
window is the window that should be communicate with. context is the EventTarget on which messages _from_ the window can be received (often self). targetOrigin is passed through to postMessage and allows to filter messages by origin. For details, see the documentation for Window.postMessage.
For a usage example, take a look at the non-worker examples in the docs folder.
Comlink does provide TypeScript types. When you expose() something of type T, the corresponding wrap() call will return something of type Comlink.Remote. While this type has been battle-tested over some time now, it is implemented on a best-effort basis. There are some nuances that are incredibly hard if not impossible to encode correctly in TypeScript’s type system. It _may_ sometimes be necessary to force a certain type using as unknown as .
Comlink works with Node’s [worker_threads][worker_threads] module. Take a look at the example in the docs` folder.
[webworker]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Workers_API
[umd]: https://github.com/umdjs/umd
[transferable]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Transferable
[messageport]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MessagePort
[examples]: https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/comlink/tree/master/docs/examples
[dist]: https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/comlink/tree/master/dist
[delivrjs]: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/
[es6 proxy]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Proxy
[proxy-polyfill]: https://github.com/GoogleChrome/proxy-polyfill
[endpoint]: src/protocol.ts
[structured cloning]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Workers_API/Structured_clone_algorithm
[structured clone table]: structured-clone-table.md
[event]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Event
[worker_threads]: https://nodejs.org/api/worker_threads.html
- Simplify Web Worker code with Comlink
---
License Apache-2.0