A performant visualization library built on top of D3.js which easily converts dependency lists into an interactive tree UI
npm install @square/dependentreeA graph visualization library built on top of D3. Displays a directed graph in a collapsible tree format. Users can view information about graph nodes (entities) and their dependencies.
- DependenTree
- Table of Contents
- Features
- Live Code Playground
- Quickstart
- Terminology
- API
- Methods
- Method Arguments
- Options
- Tree Behavior
- Tree Appearance
- Validate
- Input Data Format
- Array Example
- Object Example
- Entity Object Format
- Fields
- Additional Fields
- Added Fields
- Understanding Max Depth
- Hypothetical Example
- Real Example
- Another Hypothetical
- Examples
- modifyEntityName
- textClick
- Form Example
- Resources
- Visualize large dependency graphs, tested up to 14K nodes
- Supports visualization of cyclic graphs
- See both upstream and downstream dependencies
- Handle all graph mapping logic on the client-side
- Only requires a minimal input of node and edge data
- Simple API, no need to write D3 code
Start with this interactive walkthrough to learn about the library and its features.
DependenTree takes graph data in JSON format. Construct your graph with the following API
``json`
[
{
"_name": "Elizabeth II",
"Title": "Queen"
},
{
"_name": "Phillip",
"Title": "Duke of Edinburgh"
},
{
"_name": "Charles",
"_deps": ["Phillip", "Elizabeth II"],
"Title": "Prince of Wales"
},
{
"_name": "Diana",
"Title": "Princess of Wales"
},
{
"_name": "William",
"_deps": ["Diana", "Charles"],
"Title": "Prince, Duke of Cambridge"
},
{
"_name": "Catherine",
"Title": "Duchess of Cambridge"
},
{
"_name": "George",
"_deps": ["Catherine", "William"]
},
{
"_name": "Charlotte",
"_deps": ["Catherine", "William"]
},
{
"_name": "Louis",
"_deps": ["Catherine", "William"]
}
]
Above is a small graph of nine entities; in this case the data is people in a family tree. You'll note that each of the children have their parents as dependencies. These dependencies are represented as an array of strings under the _deps key. These strings exactly match the _name of another entity. When this data is displayed Their _name will be displayed on the tree. Their Title will be displayed on a tooltip when hovering over each entity node.
`html`
DependenTree is exported in the universal module definition format.
Install with npm or yarn
`sh
npm install @square/dependentree
yarn add @square/dependentree
`
Import the DependenTree class
It is best to use import statements and allow your application to bundle the code from src/index.js. Using require() statements will pull from /dist/dependentree.js which comes already bundled.
`javascript
import DependenTree from '@square/dependentree';
const DependenTree = require('@square/dependentree');
`
`javascript
import royals from './testData';
// Creates an instance of the class
// The tree attaches to our designated element
const tree = new DependenTree('div#tree');
// Adds dependency data to the tree
tree.addEntities(royals);
// Sets the entity on the tree, displays the upstream dependencies
// You can also pass 'downstream' to display downstream dependencies
tree.setTree('Elizabeth II', 'upstream');
`
| Term | |
| ----------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Entity | Entities are nodes in a graph. If our graph represents a family tree, an entity would be an individual person. Entities are unique to the graph. |
| Entity Data | Refers to the JavaScript object that represents the information about the entity including it's name and list of dependencies. |
| Graph | The graph which represents the dependency relationships. The graph exists in memory. A portion of data from the graph is pulled to create each tree. |
| Tree | The visual tree structure on the page. |
| Node | An individual node on the visual tree structure. Nodes consist of text and a circular button. Each entity can have multiple nodes on a page. |
| Method | Example | Description |
| --------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| constructor | new DependenTree('div#tree', {maxDepth: 25}); | Creates an instance of the DependenTree class. It attaches to an HTML element on the page and passes tree options to change the tree's appearance. |addEntities
| | [{ "_name": "Elizabeth II", "Title": "Queen" }] | List of entities and their dependencies. See the Input Data Format section below. |setTree
| | .setTree('Elizabeth II', 'downstream'); | Sets a new tree diagram to be displayed in the target HTML element. Also removes any previous tree in the target element. |removeTree
| | .removeTree(); | Removes the tree currently being displayed. |expandAll
| | .expandAll(4); | Opens all nodes in the tree up to the target depth represented as an integer. If no target depth is passed in, all nodes will be expanded. This method is not recommended for large trees. You are likely to experience layout thrashing and possibly a page crash. |collapseAll
| | .collapseAll(); | Collapses all nodes. If true is passed in, the second level remains open along with the root node. |getEntityList
| | .getEntityList('Title', 'Prince'); | Returns a list of entities based on a key: value filter. If no filter is passed in, all entities will be returned. |validate
| | .validate(); | After passing data to addEntities, validate provides information about the quality of your input data. See validate section below. |
| Method | Argument | Type | Required | Description |
| --------------- | --------------- | --------------- | -------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| constructor | Selector String | String | Yes | W3C Selector String for selecting your container element. This element is given a style of overflow:auto;. The tree will be appended to this element. Be sure to define this element's width before calling DependenTree. It is also best not to use the body element. An element that is a descendant of body works best. If you use the body, there may be issues with the automatic scrolling feature when switching between upstream and downstream. |addEntities
| | Options | Object | No | Options to modify the graph appearance. See the Options documentation below. |
| | Dependencies | Object or Array | Yes | List of entities and their dependencies. See the Input Data Format section below. |setTree
| | Entity Name | String | Yes | The entity that will be the root node of the dependency tree.displayed. |'upstream'
| | Direction | String | No | This string sets whether the or 'downstream' dependencies of a given entity are displayed. This argument defaults to 'upstream'. |removeTree
| | n/a | n/a | No | n/a |expandAll
| | Target Depth | Integer | No | This field expands all the nodes to a given depth. If no depth argument is passed in, all nodes in the tree will be expanded. |collapseAll
| | Second Level | Boolean | No | If true is passed in, the second level will remain open along with the first. |getEntityList
| | Key | String | No | The key of which to filter by. E.g. 'Title'. |value
| | Value | String | No | The of which to filter by. E.g. 'Queen'. |validate
| | n/a | n/a | No | n/a |
In the constructor, DependenTree takes an options object. The various options control how the tree looks and behaves. Note that options passed into the the constructor will not be checked to ensure the values are valid. Options will be checked for the "<" and ">" characters. These characters are not permitted to prevent script injection. If options are not passed in, the following default values will be used instead. Options are categorized as impacting the behavior of the tree or the appearance of the tree but can be specified in any order.
#### Tree Behavior
| Name | Type | Default Value | Description |
| ------------------------- | ------------------ | ------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| animationDuration | Integer | 750 | How many milliseconds a node movement animation lasts. |maxDepth
| | Integer | 25 | See the Understanding Max Depth Nodes section. |enableTooltip
| | Boolean | true | Enables a tooltip with additional information about each entity when the node is hovered over. |enableTooltipKey
| | Boolean | true | If set to true, the key in each key value pair of additional entity information will be displayed. For example: Title: Queen as opposed to simply Queen. |modifyEntityName
| | Function | null | A function which is passed the entity data object and should return a string representing the what the node text will be. The default value for _name will be passed in if this variable is null. See the modifyEntityName example below. |textClick
| | Function | null | A function passed as a callback when users click on the text of the node. This method is passed two arguments, mouse event and the entity data object. If this value is null, clicking the text will expand/collapse the node. See the textClick example below. |maxDepthMessage
| | String or Function | null | Overwrites the max depth message when not null. If this option is set to a function, the entity data object will be passed in to the function as an argument; this function should return a string. |missingEntityMessage
| | String or Function | null | Overwrites the default missing entity message when not null. If this option is set to a function, the missing entity's name will be passed in to the function as an argument; this function should return a string. |cyclicDependencyMessage
| | String or Function | null | Overwrites the default cyclic dependency loop message when not null. If this option is set to a function, the entity data object will be passed in to the function as an argument; this function should return a string. |
#### Tree Appearance
| Name | Type | Default Value | Description |
| ----------------------------- | ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| containerWidthMultiplier | Number | 4 | The tree takes the default width of the HTML element passed into the selector string and multiplies it by the containerWidthMultiplier. It's usually best not to reduce this value. The tree's scale is determined by the width of the container. If you do reduce this value, you may need to adjust the size of the nodes and text. |containerWidthInPx
| | Integer | null | Sets the container width with a constant pixel value. This overrides containerWidthMultiplier if the value is not null. Take caution with setting this value too low. See the note above. |marginTop
| | Integer | 60 | Sets the margin-top of the tree's wrapping SVG element. |marginRight
| | Integer | 120 | Sets the margin-right of the tree's wrapping SVG element. |marginBottom
| | Integer | 200 | Sets the margin-bottom of the tree's wrapping SVG element. |marginLeft
| | Integer | 120 | Sets the margin-left of the tree's wrapping SVG element. |parentNodeTextOrientation
| | String | 'left' | Sets the placement of text for a given node that has children. The direction refers to downstream dependencies. This is inverted for upstream. |childNodeTextOrientation
| | String | 'right' | Sets the placement of text for a given node that has no children. The direction refers to downstream dependencies. This is inverted for upstream. |textOffset
| | Integer | 13 | How far the placement of the text is from the center of the node in pixels. |textStyleFont
| | String | '12px sans-serif' | Node text's shorthand property. |textStyleColor
| | String | 'black' | Node text's color. |circleStrokeColor
| | String | 'steelblue' | Outline color of the node circle. |circleStrokeWidth
| | Integer | 3 | Width of the node circle in pixels. |circleSize
| | Integer | 10 | Size of the node's circle in pixels. |linkStrokeColor
| | String | '#dddddd' | Color of the link. A link is the line that connects nodes. |linkStrokeWidth
| | Integer | 2 | With of the link in pixels. |closedNodeCircleColor
| | String | 'lightsteelblue' | Color of the circle when the node has children and is closed. |openNodeCircleColor
| | String | 'white' | Color of the circle when the node has children and is closed or when the node has no children. |cyclicNodeColor
| | String | '#FF4242' | Color of the circle of nodes that have cyclic dependency loops. |missingNodeColor
| | String | '#E8F086' | Color of the circle of nodes that were not included in the input entity list but found as a dependency. |maxDepthNodeColor
| | String | '#A691AE' | Color of the circle of nodes that mark the end of the tree that can be displayed. |horizontalSpaceBetweenNodes
| | Integer | 180 | Sets the horizontal space between each level of nodes in pixels. |verticalSpaceBetweenNodes
| | Integer | 30 | Sets the vertical space between each level of nodes in pixels. Note that this will be the minimum vertical space. The actual spacing will depend on the tree layout. |wrapNodeName
| | Boolean | true | If the width of a node's name is greater than the horizontalSpaceBetweenNodes * 0.75, then the node text will wrap if true. |splitStr
| | String | null | This string is used to split the name of an entity the width is greater than horizontalSpaceBetweenNodes * 0.75. For example, splitStr = '_' will result in "foo_bar_baz" becoming "foo_bar" "_baz" split onto two separate lines if the entity name string is too long. |tooltipItemStyleObj
| | Object | {'font-family': 'sans-serif', 'font-size': '12px'} | Accepts a JavaScript object of CSS styles for each tooltip info row. |tooltipStyleObj
| | Object | {'background-color': 'white', border: 'solid', 'border-width': '1px', 'border-radius': '5px', padding: '10px'} | Accepts a JavaScript object of CSS styles for the tooltip element. element. |tooltipColonStr
| | String | ': ' | The string that separates the key from the value. Another possible option for this value could be " - ". |tooltipKeyStyleObj
| | Object | {'font-weight': 'bold'} | Accepts a JavaScript object of CSS styles for each tooltip info item key. |tooltipColonStyleObj
| | Object | {'font-weight': 'bold'} | Accepts a JavaScript object of CSS styles for each tooltip info item colon. |tooltipValueStyleObj
| | Object | {} | Accepts a JavaScript object of CSS styles for each tooltip info item value. |
| Field | Meaning |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| noDuplicateDependencies | Ensures that entities do not have any of the same children listed twice. |duplicateDependencies
| | A list of the entities that have children listed twice in the following format 'entity -> dependency'. |noMissingEntities
| | Indicates if entities are have dependencies that are not found on the top level input data. |missingEntities
| | A list of the entities that that are not found on the top level of input data. These entities were found in another entity's dependency list. |noCycles
| | Indicates if there are cyclic dependencies. This value is not inherently negative depending on what what type of entities are being represented. |
The addEntities method expects the data as either an Array or an Object of entity objects. Once passed into the addEntities method will convert the Array format to the Object format, so it's best to use the Object format if possible.
Note: DependenTree will mutate the input data you pass. If you want to preserve the input data, it's recommended to clone it. For example const copiedInput = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(input))'.
`json`
[
{
"_name": "Elizabeth II",
"Title": "Queen",
"_shortTitle": "Queen"
}
]
`json`
{
"Elizabeth II": {
"_name": "Elizabeth II",
"Title": "Queen",
"_shortTitle": "Queen"
}
}
Note that this format is strict. Invalid data will cause the library to throw errors.
#### Fields
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
| ------- | ---------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| _name | String | Yes | This field acts as the id of the entity. This value is also the text of a node on the tree unless a modifyEntityName option is passed in. Note that the _name key cannot be an empty string. |_deps
| | Array of Strings | No | This array of strings represents a list of entities this entity depends on. All elements must be of type String. Each element represents the _name of another entity in the graph. If a dependency is listed in this array but not included in the list of entities, an entity will be created. If this field is excluded, the library assumes there are no dependencies. Note that elements in _deps cannot be an empty string. |
#### Additional Fields
Additional fields can be added to each entity data object. These fields will be displayed in the tooltip when users hover over a node. Any fields that are prefixed with an underscore (e.g. _shortTitle) will not be displayed, but will be included in the entity object. This can be useful when filtering entities with getEntityList and programming actions with textClick for example.
Example of an entity with some additional fields.
`json`
[
{
"_name": "Elizabeth II",
"Title": "Queen",
"_shortTitle": "Queen"
}
]
#### Added Fields
DependenTree will add a few properties to nodes when it creates the tree. They are listed here. You should not create Additional Fields in your entity data that have these same property keys. These fields can sometimes be useful in methods such as modifyEntityName and textClick for example.
| Property | Description. |
| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| _isClone | Entities that have been cloned to prevent infintie loops and graph depth performance issues. |_maxDepth
| | Entities that are at maxDepth. These entities will have additional children, but they will not be displayed. |_cyclic
| | Entities that have cyclic dependencies. |_missing
| | Entities that were not included in the input data but added when constructing the graph. |__visited
| | A field that is used to detect cycles in the input data. This field is deleted shortly after it is created. |Automated Note
| | A note giving more information about the error associated with the entity. |
For large graphs, this library imposes a limit to how many entities can be displayed. Graphs are passed to d3.tree to determine node coordinates. This method traverses the entire graph which is an operation that has a time complexity of O(n²). For large entity graphs, this can result in the browser tab crashing.
To prevent this, the maxDepth option caps the depth of a graph. With smaller graphs, it's best to set this variable high. With larger graphs, it's probably better to set this value lower. There is not an exact right answer however. See the example graph below.
`
c --- d --- e --- f --- b --- y --- x
/
a ---
\
b --- x --- y
Let's set the maxDepth to 6. In the example above, the higher branch would cut off at node b. But because entity b on the higher branch node is the same as entity b on the lower branch node, the lower branch will cut off as well and we won't see the x and y entities either. For this reason, it can be difficult to settle on a perfect value. The higher the maxDepth, the more entities that will be cut off at that depth. The more entities cut off overall, the more likely that those entities will also be cut off at lower depths where the user will see.
maxDepth works by traversing the graph with a initial depth first search algorithm and cutting off the graph once the max depth is reached. When visualizing our 14K+ ETL tables at Block, one of our key tables has 141 direct downstream dependencies. The full downstream tree without maxDepth would be exceptionally large. Below are results of different tests of maxDepth on this tree. Seconds to Map Tree refers to the time for the depth first search algorithm to run. Note that this test was run on Chrome on a high powered device.
| Max Depth | Seconds to Map Tree |
| --------- | ------------------- |
| 42 | 51.879 |11.984
| 40 | |3.405
| 35 | |0.651
| 30 | |1.982
| 27 | |0.768
| 26 | |26.753
| 25 | |3.005
| 24 | |0.274
| 23 | |0.222
| 20 | |
The unusual pattern above with a value of 25 taking a significantly longer time than others is an indicator of the highly unpredictable nature of maxDepth. At first glance, it might seem like 30 or 35 is the best value for maxDepth as this strikes a balance between a lower time to map the tree and a deeper level of dependencies before the tree is cut off. However, 35 is the number that works best for this particular tree. When exploring a tree based on a different table in the same graph, a maxDepth of 35 yields a very poor result of 20 seconds to map and load.
For this reason, the maxDepth we have decided on for our graph of 14K ETLs is 20. It's unlikely users will want to dig deeper than 20 levels of dependencies and this will lead to fewer nodes overall from getting cut off. Performance is fast enough but we show a loading animation while calling .setTree just in case any entity's tree takes a long time to load.
With the table above, it's likely that the reason performance worsened so much at a depth of 25 is because at the other levels, there was enough overlap in nodes we were visiting and cutting off sooner. 25 was just the unlucky number where we had enough unique nodes at the level and not enough was cut off. See the example below.
`
1 2 3 4 5
-- m --- r --- a --- o ---
/
z --------- r --- a --- o --- p ---
\
-- p --- j --- q --- n
- If we set maxDepth at 3, the top branch will cut off at r. This leads to the middle branch being cut off at r in level 2.maxDepth
- If we set at 5, the top branch will cut off at o. This leads to the middle branch begin cut off at o in level 4.maxDepth
- If we set at 4, only the middle branch will be cut off slightly early with a at level 3. Though o connects to p in the middle branch, the connection between z and p is still intact and we will traverse the bottom branch until we hit q. Less compute time and fewer resources were saved at this level.
In conclusion: for large graphs, it's best to pick a small number and experiment until you find the right one.
The example below would take an entity with a _name in the format of "databasename.schemaname.tablename" and return just "tablename" to be displayed without modifying the _name property itself.
`javascript`
const modifyEntityName = nodeData => {
const { _name } = nodeData;
const i = _name.lastIndexOf('.');
return _name.slice(i + 1);
};
`javascript`
const textClick = (event, nodeData) => {
const _link = nodeData._link;
if (!_link) return;
window.open(_link, '_blank');
};
`html``
---
Copyright 2022 Square Inc.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.