DataStax Node.js Driver for Apache Cassandra
npm install cassandra-driverA modern, feature-rich and highly tunable Node.js client library for Apache Cassandra and [DSE][dse] using
exclusively Cassandra's binary protocol and Cassandra Query Language.
``bash`
$ npm install cassandra-driver
- Simple, Prepared, and [Batch][batch] statements
- Asynchronous IO, parallel execution, request pipelining
- [Connection pooling][pooling]
- Auto node discovery
- Automatic reconnection
- Configurable [load balancing][load-balancing] and [retry policies][retry]
- Works with any cluster size
- Built-in [object mapper][doc-mapper]
- Both [promise and callback-based API][doc-promise-callback]
- Row streaming and pipes
- Built-in TypeScript support
- [Documentation index][doc-index]
- [CQL types to JavaScript types][doc-datatypes]
- [API docs][doc-api]
- [FAQ][faq]
You can use the [project mailing list][mailinglist] or create a ticket on the [Jira issue tracker][jira].
`javascript
const cassandra = require('cassandra-driver');
const client = new cassandra.Client({
contactPoints: ['h1', 'h2'],
localDataCenter: 'datacenter1',
keyspace: 'ks1'
});
const query = 'SELECT name, email FROM users WHERE key = ?';
client.execute(query, [ 'someone' ])
.then(result => console.log('User with email %s', result.rows[0].email));
`
The driver supports both [promises and callbacks][doc-promise-callback] for the asynchronous methods,
you can choose the approach that suits your needs.
Note that in order to have concise code examples in this documentation, we will use the promise-based API of the
driver along with the await keyword.
If you are using [DataStax Astra][astra] you can configure your client by setting the secure bundle and the
user credentials:
`javascript`
const client = new cassandra.Client({
cloud: { secureConnectBundle: 'path/to/secure-connect-DATABASE_NAME.zip' },
credentials: { username: 'user_name', password: 'p@ssword1' }
});
Using prepared statements provides multiple benefits.
Prepared statements are parsed and prepared on the Cassandra nodes and are ready for future execution.
Also, when preparing, the driver retrieves information about the parameter types which
allows an accurate mapping between a JavaScript type and a Cassandra type.
The driver will prepare the query once on each host and execute the statement with the bound parameters.
`javascript
// Use query markers (?) and parameters
const query = 'UPDATE users SET birth = ? WHERE key=?';
const params = [ new Date(1942, 10, 1), 'jimi-hendrix' ];
// Set the prepare flag in the query options
await client.execute(query, params, { prepare: true });
console.log('Row updated on the cluster');
`
When using #eachRow() and #stream() methods, the driver parses each row as soon as it is received,
yielding rows without buffering them.
`javascript`
// Reducing a large result
client.eachRow(
'SELECT time, val FROM temperature WHERE station_id=',
['abc'],
(n, row) => {
// The callback will be invoked per each row as soon as they are received
minTemperature = Math.min(row.val, minTemperature);
},
err => {
// This function will be invoked when all rows where consumed or an error was encountered
}
);
The #stream() method works in the same way but instead of callback it returns a [Readable Streams2][streams2] objectobjectMode
in that emits instances of Row.
It can be piped downstream and provides automatic pause/resume logic (it buffers when not read).
`javascript`
client.stream('SELECT time, val FROM temperature WHERE station_id=', [ 'abc' ])
.on('readable', function () {
// 'readable' is emitted as soon a row is received and parsed
let row;
while (row = this.read()) {
console.log('time %s and value %s', row.time, row.val);
}
})
.on('end', function () {
// Stream ended, there aren't any more rows
})
.on('error', function (err) {
// Something went wrong: err is a response error from Cassandra
});
[User defined types (UDT)][cql-udt] are represented as JavaScript objects.
For example:
Consider the following UDT and table
`cql`
CREATE TYPE address (
street text,
city text,
state text,
zip int,
phones set
);
CREATE TABLE users (
name text PRIMARY KEY,
email text,
address frozen
);
You can retrieve the user address details as a regular JavaScript object.
`javascript`
const query = 'SELECT name, address FROM users WHERE key = ?';
const result = await client.execute(query, [ key ], { prepare: true });
const row = result.first();
const address = row.address;
console.log('User lives in %s, %s - %s', address.street, address.city, address.state);
Read more information about using [UDTs with the Node.js Driver][doc-udt].
All driver methods use a default fetchSize of 5000 rows, retrieving only first page of results up to a
maximum of 5000 rows to shield an application against accidentally retrieving large result sets in a single response.
stream() method automatically fetches the following page once the current one was read. You can also use eachRow() autoPage
method to retrieve the following pages by using flag. See [paging documentation for more
information][doc-paging].
You can execute multiple statements in a batch to update/insert several rows atomically even in different column families.
`javascript
const queries = [
{
query: 'UPDATE user_profiles SET email=? WHERE key=?',
params: [ emailAddress, 'hendrix' ]
}, {
query: 'INSERT INTO user_track (key, text, date) VALUES (?, ?, ?)',
params: [ 'hendrix', 'Changed email', new Date() ]
}
];
await client.batch(queries, { prepare: true });
console.log('Data updated on cluster');
`
The driver provides a built-in [object mapper][doc-mapper] that lets you interact with your data like you
would interact with a set of documents.
Retrieving objects from the database:
`javascript`
const videos = await videoMapper.find({ userId });
for (let video of videos) {
console.log(video.name);
}
Updating an object from the database:
`javascript`
await videoMapper.update({ id, userId, name, addedDate, description });
You can read more information about [getting started with the Mapper in our
documentation][doc-mapper-start].
----
There are few data types defined in the ECMAScript specification, this usually represents a problem when you are trying
to deal with data types that come from other systems in JavaScript.
The driver supports all the CQL data types in Apache Cassandra (3.0 and below) even for types with no built-in
JavaScript representation, like decimal, varint and bigint. Check the documentation on working with
[numerical values][doc-numerical], [uuids][doc-uuid] and [collections][doc-collections].
Instances of Client() are EventEmitter and emit log events:
`javascript${level} - ${loggerName}: ${message}
client.on('log', (level, loggerName, message, furtherInfo) => {
console.log();`
});
The level being passed to the listener can be verbose, info, warning or error`. Visit the [logging
documentation][doc-logging] for more information.
The driver supports all versions of Node.js, Cassandra, and DSE that are not EOL at the time of release. Only LTS eligible branches (i.e. even numbered releases) are supported for Node.js. See the [project documentation] for more information about the Node.js release cycle.
The current version of the driver offers support consistent with this policy for the following:
- Apache Cassandra versions 3.0 and above.
- DataStax Enterprise versions 5.1 and 6.8.
- Node.js versions 18.x and 20.x.
Note: DataStax products do not support big-endian systems.
This driver is based on the original work of [Jorge Bay][jorgebay] on [node-cassandra-cql][old-driver] and adds a series of advanced features that are common across all other [DataStax drivers][drivers] for Apache Cassandra.
The development effort to provide an up to date, high performance, fully featured Node.js Driver for Apache Cassandra will continue on this project, while [node-cassandra-cql][old-driver] will be discontinued.
© DataStax, Inc.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
[cassandra]: https://cassandra.apache.org/
[doc-api]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/api/
[doc-index]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/
[doc-datatypes]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/datatypes/
[doc-numerical]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/datatypes/numerical/
[doc-uuid]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/datatypes/uuids/
[doc-collections]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/datatypes/collections/
[doc-udt]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/datatypes/udts/
[doc-promise-callback]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/promise-callback/
[doc-mapper]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/mapper/
[doc-mapper-start]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/mapper/getting-started/
[doc-logging]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/logging/
[faq]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/faq/
[load-balancing]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/tuning-policies/#load-balancing-policy
[retry]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/tuning-policies/#retry-policy
[pooling]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/connection-pooling/
[batch]: https://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/nodejs-driver/latest/features/batch/
[old-driver]: https://github.com/jorgebay/node-cassandra-cql
[project documentation]: https://github.com/nodejs/release#release-schedule
[jorgebay]: https://github.com/jorgebay
[drivers]: https://github.com/datastax
[mailinglist]: https://groups.google.com/a/lists.datastax.com/forum/#!forum/nodejs-driver-user
[jira]: https://datastax-oss.atlassian.net/projects/NODEJS/issues
[streams2]: https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_readable
[cql-udt]: https://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/cql/types.html#udts
[dse]: https://www.datastax.com/products/datastax-enterprise
[astra]: https://www.datastax.com/products/datastax-astra