!Logo for clipboard-polyfill: an icon of a clipboard fading into a drafting paper grid.

clipboard-polyfill

⚠️ You don't need clipboard-polyfill to copy text! ⚠️

Note: As of 2020, you can use navigator.clipboard.writeText(...) in the stable versions of all major browsers. This library will only be useful to you if you want to:

- target very old browsers (see below for compatibility) for text copy,
- copy text/html in Firefox ≤126,
- use the ClipboardItem API in Firefox ≤126, or
- polyfill the API shape in a non-browser environment (e.g. in jsdom).

See the Compatibility section below for more details.

---

Summary

Makes copying on the web as easy as:

``js
clipboard.writeText("hello world");
`

This library is a ponyfill/polyfill for the modern Promise-based asynchronous clipboard API.

Usage

If you use npm, install:

`shell
npm install clipboard-polyfill
`

Sample app that copies text to the clipboard:

`js
import * as clipboard from "clipboard-polyfill";

function handler() {
clipboard.writeText("This text is plain.").then(
() => { console.log("success!"); },
() => { console.log("error!"); }
);
}

window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
const button = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("button"));
button.textContent = "Copy";
button.addEventListener("click", handler);
});
`

Notes:

- You need to call a clipboard operation in response to a user gesture (e.g. the event handler for a button click).
- Some browsers may only allow one clipboard operation per gesture.

async/await syntax

`js
import * as clipboard from "clipboard-polyfill";

async function handler() {
console.log("Previous clipboard text:", await clipboard.readText());

await clipboard.writeText("This text is plain.");
}

window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
const button = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("button"));
button.textContent = "Copy";
button.addEventListener("click", handler);
});
`

More MIME types (data types)

`js
import * as clipboard from "clipboard-polyfill";

async function handler() {
console.log("Previous clipboard contents:", await clipboard.read());

const item = new clipboard.ClipboardItem({
"text/html": new Blob(
["Markup text. Paste me into a rich text editor."],
{ type: "text/html" }
),
"text/plain": new Blob(
["Fallback markup text. Paste me into a rich text editor."],
{ type: "text/plain" }
),
});
await clipboard.write([item]);
}

window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
const button = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("button"));
button.textContent = "Copy";
button.addEventListener("click", handler);
});
`

Check the Clipboard API specification for more details.

Notes:

- You'll need to use async functions for the await syntax.
- Currently, text/plain and text/html are the only data types that can be written to the clipboard across most browsers.
- If you try to copy unsupported data types, they may be silently dropped (e.g. Safari 13.1) or the call may throw an error (e.g. Chrome 83). In general, it is not possible to tell when data types are dropped.
- In some current browsers, read() may only return a subset of supported data types, even if the clipboard contains more data types. There is no way to tell if there were more data types.

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If you want the library to overwrite the global clipboard API with its implementations, import clipboard-polyfill/overwrite-globals. This will turn the library from a ponyfill into a proper polyfill, so you can write code as if the async clipboard API were already implemented in your browser:

`js
import "clipboard-polyfill/overwrite-globals";

async function handler() {
const item = new window.ClipboardItem({
"text/html": new Blob(
["Markup text. Paste me into a rich text editor."],
{ type: "text/html" }
),
"text/plain": new Blob(
["Fallback markup text. Paste me into a rich text editor."],
{ type: "text/plain" }
),
});

navigator.clipboard.write([item]);
}

window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
const button = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("button"));
button.textContent = "Copy";
button.addEventListener("click", handler);
});
`

This approach is not recommended, because it may break any other code that interacts with the clipboard API globals, and may be incompatible with future browser implementations.

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If you need to grab a version that "just works", download clipboard-polyfill.window-var.promise.es5.js and include it using a
Copy text!

`

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Thanks to the conveniences of the modern JS ecosystem, we do not provide tree shaken, minified, or CommonJS builds anymore. To get such builds without losing compatibility, pass clipboard-polyfill builds through esbuild. For example:

`shell
mkdir temp && cd temp && npm install clipboard-polyfill esbuild

Minify the ES6 build:

echo 'export * from "clipboard-polyfill";' | npx esbuild --format=esm --target=es6 --bundle --minify

Include just the writeText() export and minify:

echo 'export { writeText } from "clipboard-polyfill";' | npx esbuild --format=esm --target=es6 --bundle --minify

Minify an ES5 build:

cat node_modules/clipboard-polyfill/dist/es5/window-var/clipboard-polyfill.window-var.promise.es5.js | npx esbuild --format=esm --target=es5 --bundle --minify

Get a CommonJS build:

echo 'export * from "clipboard-polyfill";' | npx esbuild --format=cjs --target=es6 --bundle
`

Why clipboard-polyfill?

Browsers have implemented several clipboard APIs over time, and writing to the clipboard without triggering bugs in various old and current browsers is fairly tricky. In every browser that supports copying to the clipboard in some way, clipboard-polyfill attempts to act as close as possible to the async clipboard API. (See above for disclaimers and limitations.)

See this presentation for for a longer history of clipboard access on the web.

Compatibility

- ☑️: Browser has native async clipboard support.
- ✅: clipboard-polyfill adds support.
- ❌: Support is not possible.
- Bold browser names indicate the latest functionality changes for stable versions of modern browsers.

Write support by earliest browser version:

| Browser | writeText() | write() (HTML) | write() (other formats) |
| ------------------------------------------- | ------------- | ---------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| Safari 13.1 | ☑️ | ☑️ | ☑️ (image/uri-list, image/png) |
| Chrome 86ᵃ / Edge 86 | ☑️ | ☑️ | ☑️ (image/png) |
| Chrome 76ᵃ / Edge 79 | ☑️ | ✅ | ☑️ (image/png) |
| Chrome 66ᵃ / Firefox 63 | ☑️ | ✅ | ❌ |
| Safari 10 / Chrome 42ᵃ / Edgeᵈ / Firefox 41 | ✅ | ✅ᵇ | ❌ |
| IE 9 | ✅ᶜ | ❌ | ❌ |

Read support:

| Browser | readText() | read() (HTML) | read() (other formats) |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------ | --------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| Safari 13.1 | ☑️ | ☑️ | ☑️ (image/uri-list, image/png) |
| Chrome 76 ᵃ / Edge 79 | ☑️ | ❌ | ☑️ (image/png) |
| Chrome 66ᵃ | ☑️ | ❌ | ❌ |
| IE 9 | ✅ᶜ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Firefox | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |

- ᵃ Also includes versions of Edge, Opera, Brave, Vivaldi, etc. based on the corresponding version of Chrome.
- ᵇ HTML did not work properly on mobile Safari in the first few releases of version 10.
- ᶜ In Internet Explorer, you will need to polyfill window.Promise if you want the library to work.
- ᵈ In older versions of Edge (Spartan):
- It may not be possible to tell if a copy operation succeeded (Edge Bug #14110451, Edge Bug #14080262). clipboard-polyfill will always report success in this case.
- Only the _last_ data type you specify is copied to the clipboard (Edge Bug #14080506). Consider placing the most important data type last in the object that you pass to the ClipboardItem constructor.
- The text/html data type is not written using the expected CF_HTML format. clipboard-polyfill does _not_ try to work around this, since 1) it would require fragile browser version sniffing, 2) users of Edge are not generally stuck on version < 17, and 3) the failure mode for other browsers would be that invalid clipboard HTML is copied. (Edge Bug #14372529, #73)

clipboard-polyfill uses a variety of heuristics to work around compatibility bugs. Please let us know if you are running into compatibility issues with any of the browsers listed above.

History

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| Browser | First version supporting
navigator.clipboard.writeText(...) | Release Date |
| ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------ |
| Chrome | 66+ | April 2018 |
| Firefox | 53+ | October 2018 |
| Edge | 79+ (first Chromium-based release) | January 2020 |
| Safari | 13.1+ | March 2020 |

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This project dates from a time when clipboard access in JS was barely becoming possible, and ergonomic clipboard API efforts were stalling. (See this presentation for a bit more context.) Fortunately, an ergonomic API with the same functionality is now available in all modern browsers since 2020:

- 2015: Browsers start supporting the defunct document.execCommand("copy") call (with many, many issues).
- 2015: Started this project as clipboard.js (half a year before @zenorocha picked the same name 😛).
- 2016: Renewed discussions about an async clipboard API (e.g. proposal doc, crbug.com/593475).
- 2017: Renamed this project to clipboard-polyfill to reflect a v2 API overhaul aligned with the draft spec.
- 2018: Browsers start supporting navigator.clipboard.writeText().
- 2020: Browsers start supporting navigator.clipboard.write() (including text/html support).

Thanks to Gary Kacmarcik, Hallvord Steen, and others for helping to bring the async clipboard API to life!

This is way too complicated!

If you only need to copy text in modern browsers, consider using navigator.clipboard.writeText()` directly:

If you need copy text in older browsers as well, you could also try this gist for a simple hacky solution.