jclass


jclass started as a port of John Resig's lightweight OO inheritance model. However, this implementation is faster as it avoids threefold method wrapping (see this link). In addition, it provides class members, property descriptors, conversion of prototype-based classes and various conveniences.

jclass has no dependencies and works in most import environments:
RequireJS (AMD), CommonJS, NodeJs and web browsers.

Note: The current version (1.X.X) is a merge of the node-oo project and the previous version of jclass (0.2.X). For legacy code, see the v0.2.X branch.

Installation

jclass is hosted at npmjs. Install it via:

``
npm install jclass
`

Examples

All examples below use NodeJs but the jclass related code would also work in other environments.

#### Simple Inheritance

`javascript
var JClass = require("jclass");

var Cat = JClass._extend({

// constructor
init: function(color) {
this.color = color;
},

// instance method
meow: function() {
console.log("An abstract cat cannot meow!");
},

// instance method
getColor: function() {
return this.color;
}

});


var GrumpyCat = Cat._extend({

// constructor
init: function init() {
init._super.call(this, "greyish");
},

// instance method
meow: function() {
console.log("Nah, not in the mood.");
}

});

var cat = new Cat("black");
cat.meow(); // "An abstract cat cannot meow!"

var grumpy = new GrumpyCat();
grumpy.meow(); // "Nah, not in the mood."
grumpy.getColor(); // "greyish", same as grumpy.color

// instanceof works as expected
console.log(grumpy instanceof GrumpyCat); // true
console.log(grumpy instanceof Cat); // true
console.log(GrumpyCat._extends(Cat)); // true, same as GrumpyCat._superClass == Cat
console.log(GrumpyCat._extends(JClass)); // true
`

##### Note

In the GrumpyCat.init constructor method, the super class' constructor is invoked as well via init._super.call. init is the method itself, _super references the super class's method. This is achieved using function declaration. For more info, see this link.


#### Class members

Class members are accessible via the _members property which is itself a jclass instance. To add class members,
add a second paramter to _extend.

`javascript
var JClass = require("jclass");

var Cat = JClass._extend({
// instance members

// constructor
init: function(color) {
this.color = color;
},

// instance method
meow: function() {
console.log("An abstract cat cannot meow!");
}

}, {
// class members

family: "Felidae",

getFamily: function() {
return this.family;
},

reproduce: function(color) {
// create a new cat ;)
return new this._class._instanceClass(color);
}

});

Cat._members.getFamily()); // "Felidae", same as Cat._members.family
`

Please note that this within class methods references the _members instance itself.


#### Property Descriptors

All instance and class members given to _extend can also be applied as property descriptors that are passed to Object.defineProperty. There are two approaches.


##### Descriptors

Define members as objects and add a property descriptor: true. Both, accessor-type and data-type descriptors are supported.

`javascript
var JClass = require("jclass");

var MyClass = JClass._extend({

someKey: {
descriptor: true,
get: function() {
return "some value";
}
}

});

var myInstance = new MyClass();
console.log(myInstance.someKey); // "some value"
`

##### Getter/Setter Syntax

Use getter/setter syntax. This is equivalent to the accessor-type descriptor definition.

`javascript
var JClass = require("jclass");

var MyClass = JClass._extend({

set someKey(value) {
// do sth with "value", e.g.
this._someKey = value;
},

get someKey() {
// do sth to return a value, e.g.
return this._someKey * 2;
}

});

var myInstance = new MyClass();
myInstance.someKey = 123;
console.log(myInstance.someKey); // 246
`

##### Accessing Super Property Descriptors

When extending a class that implements property descriptors, you cannot access its super definitions the normal way, i.e. via the _super attribute. Instead, you have to do a little trick (based on MyClass above):

`
var JClass = require("jclass");

var MyClass = ...

var MySubClass = MyClass._extend({

get someKey() {
var _super = JClass._superDescriptor(this, "someKey");
// same as
// var _super = JClass._superDescriptor(this._class, "someKey");
// same as
// var _super = JClass._superDescriptor(MySubClass, "someKey");
// alias for
// var _super = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(MyClass.prototype, "someKey");
return _super.get.call(this) * 3;
}

});


var mySubInstance = new MySubClass();

mySubInstance.someKey = 1;
console.log(mySubInstance.someKey); // 6
`


#### Converting Prototyped Classes

You can convert prototype-base classes into jclasses. This approach supports constructor arguments.

`javascript
// example using nodejs

var JClass = require("jclass");
var EventEmitter = require("events").EventEmitter;

var Emitter = JClass._convert(EventEmitter);

var emitter = new Emitter();
emitter.on("topic", function() { ... });
emitter.emit("topic", ...);
});
`

The instance of the (original) prototyped class is stored as _origin in each jclass instance.

API

#### Classes

Classes have the following attributes:

- _extend(instanceMembers, classMembers): Derives a new class with instanceMembers and classMembers (example).
- _extends(JClass): Returns true (false) if JClass is (is not) a super class.
- _superClass: The super class (not available for the base JClass).
- _subClasses: An array containing all (directly inheriting) sub classes.
- _members: A jclass instance holding the class members (example).

Only for the class that holds class members:

- _instanceClass: The original class holding instance members.


The base JClass has additional attributes that are not propagated to derived classes:

- _convert(cls, options): Converts a prototype based class cls into a jclass (example).
- _construct(cls, args): Returns an instance of cls, instantiated with args. This is an apply-like usage for the new operator.
- _superDescriptor(JClass|instance, prop): Returns the property descriptor prop of the super class. The first argument can be either a jclass or an instance of a jclass.


#### Instances

All instances have the following attributes:

- _class: The class of this instance.

Within instance methods, the super method is always referenced as _super`. You can access them by making your instance method a named function (example).

Development

- Source hosted at GitHub
- npm module hosted at npmjs
- Report issues, questions, feature requests on GitHub Issues

Authors

Marcel R. (riga)