Kindof.js
=========
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Kindof.js provides a single kindof function that does what you'd expect
from typeof — gives you the proper semantic type regardless if the variable
was a primitive ("Hello"), a built-in [value object][value-object]
like (new Date(2000, 5, 18) or /./) or came from *another execution
context** (e.g. an array from another </code>).</p><p class="my-3"><h3 class="text-lg font-medium mt-4 mb-2">$3</h3><br />When and why should you use <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">kindof</code> over <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">typeof</code>?</p><p class="my-3">- When you need a type check that returns <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">"null"</code> given the <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">null</code> value. <br /> You might remember, JavaScript's <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">typeof</code> says <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">null</code> is an object.<br />- When you need to <strong>differentiate</strong> between <strong>plain objects</strong> (<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">{name:<br /> "John"}</code>) and <strong>built-in value objects</strong> (<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">new Date(2000, 5, 18)</code>). <br /> A single <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">kindof(obj) == "date"</code> check makes that easy. <br />- When there's a chance you might get an object from **another execution<br /> context**. <br /> In the browser that might mean an object from another <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"><frame></code>. <br /> Different execution contexts have different built-in class instances, so you<br /> can't do <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">obj instanceof Date</code> safely.<br />- Kindof.js does not consider boxed objects (instances of <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Boolean</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Number</code><br /> and <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">String</code>) to of the same type as their primitive counterparts. See below<br /> for why boxed objects are very error prone and should be avoided.</p><p class="my-3">Kindof.js supports all ECMAScript <strong>built-in types and primitives</strong>:<br /><code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">undefined</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">null</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Boolean</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Number</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">String</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Symbol</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">RegExp</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Date</code>,<br /><code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Array</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Function</code> and plain old <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Object</code>. Others, e.g. <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Math</code> and <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">JSON</code>, are<br />considered just objects. In general, objects that behave like <strong>value objects</strong><br />(dates, regular expressions etc.) or proper arrays have a kind other than<br /><code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">object</code>.</p><p class="my-3">Please see the table below for the full list of kinds.</p><p class="my-3"><h3 class="text-lg font-medium mt-4 mb-2">$3</h3><br />You might know, JavaScript has both primitive types and boxed object types for<br />booleans, numbers and strings. Primitives are what you get from code literals<br />(<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">true</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">42</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">"Hello"</code>) and from <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">JSON.parse</code>. Boxed objects tend to only<br />appear when someone explicitly calls their constructor (<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">new Boolean(false)</code>).</p><p class="my-3">Boxed objects wouldn't be so bad, except JavaScript's equivalence operator<br />(<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">==</code>), for all its type coercions, doesn't handle them transparently. While you<br />can't compare other value types like dates and regular expressions with <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">==</code><br />either, you won't make that mistake that easily. The following is a small<br />example of problems with boxed objects:</p><p class="my-3">``<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">javascript<br />new String("a") == new String("a") // => false<br />new Boolean(true) == new Boolean(true) // => false<br />Boolean(new Boolean(false)) // => true<br />!!(new Boolean(false)) // => true<br /></code>`<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"></p><p class="my-3">If you still wish Kindof to consider boxed Boolean, Number and String types like<br />primitives (returning </code>"boolean"<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">, </code>"number"<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> and </code>"string"<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> respectively), feel<br />free to use [Kindof.js's v1 branch][v1] with </code>npm install kindof@1<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">.</p><p class="my-3">[value-object]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_object<br />[v1]: https://github.com/moll/js-kindof/tree/v1<br />[npm-badge]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/kindof.svg<br />[travis-badge]: https://travis-ci.org/moll/js-kindof.png?branch=master</p><p class="my-3"><br />Installing<br />----------<br /><strong>Note</strong>: Kindof.js follows <a href="http://semver.org/" class="text-primary hover:underline" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">semantic versioning</a>.</p><p class="my-3"><h3 class="text-lg font-medium mt-4 mb-2">$3</h3><br />Take the </code>kindof.js<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> file and source it at will.</p><p class="my-3"><h3 class="text-lg font-medium mt-4 mb-2">$3</h3><br />Install with </code>npm install kindof<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">. <br />And require with </code>var kindof = require("kindof")<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">.</p><p class="my-3"><br />Using<br />-----<br />Pass any object to </code>kindof<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> and compare its output to what you expect:<br /></code>`<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">javascript<br />kindof("Hello") // => "string"<br />kindof(new Date(2000, 5, 18)) // => "date"<br /></code>`<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"></p><p class="my-3">A switch statement might help:<br /></code>`<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">javascript<br />switch (kindof(obj)) {<br /> case "null": this.name = "Alfred"; break<br /> case "string": this.name = obj; break<br /> case "date": this.birthdate = obj; break<br /> default: throw new TypeError("Pardon, sir, came upon an unexpected type.")<br />}<br /></code>`<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"></p><p class="my-3"><br />Kinds<br />-----<br />The pattern is simple and follows </code>typeof<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">: besides primitives, built-in objects<br />that are <strong>value objects</strong> (dates, regular expressions etc.) or <strong>real arrays</strong><br />are of a kind other than </code>object<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">. The </code>arguments<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> object, for example, is not<br />a proper array and is therefore an </code>object<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">.</p><p class="my-3">Value | Kindof<br />----------------------|----------<br /></code>undefined <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| undefined<br /></code>null <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| null<br /></code>true <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| boolean<br /></code>false <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| boolean<br /></code>42 <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| number<br /></code>NaN <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| number<br /></code>Infinity <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| number<br /></code>"Hello" <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| string<br /></code>Symbol() <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| symbol<br /></code>Symbol("forEach") <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| symbol<br /></code>Symbol.iterator <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| symbol<br /></code>/.*/ <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| regexp<br /></code>new RegExp(".*") <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| regexp<br /></code>new Date <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| date<br /></code>[42, 69] <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| array<br /></code>function() {} <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| function<br /></code>{} <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>arguments <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>new Boolean(true) <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>new Number(42) <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>new String("Hello") <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>new MyClass <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>new Error <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>Math <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>JSON <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object</p><p class="my-3"><strong>Subclassed objects</strong>, such as subclassed arrays, are considered to be </code>object<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"><br />unless their internal </code>[[Class]]<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> property remains that of the original. For<br />ways to subclass properly, please see further reading below.</p><p class="my-3"><br />Further Reading<br />---------------<br />- The [</code>typeof<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> operator in ECMAScript 5.1][typeof-ecma].<br />- The [</code>typeof<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> operator as implemented by Firefox][typeof-firefox].<br />- Article on [subclassing </code>Array<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">][subclass] by [Juriy Zaytsev][juriy].</p><p class="my-3">[typeof-ecma]: http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-11.4.3<br />[typeof-firefox]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/typeof<br />[subclass]: http://perfectionkills.com/how-ecmascript-5-still-does-not-allow-to-subclass-an-array/<br />[juriy]: http://perfectionkills.com</p><p class="my-3"><br />License<br />-------<br />Kindof.js is released under a <em>Lesser GNU Affero General Public License</em>, which<br />in summary means:</p><p class="my-3">- You <strong>can</strong> use this program for <strong>no cost</strong>.<br />- You <strong>can</strong> use this program for <strong>both personal and commercial reasons</strong>.<br />- You <strong>do not have to share your own program's code</strong> which uses this program.<br />- You <strong>have to share modifications</strong> (e.g bug-fixes) you've made to this<br /> program.</p><p class="my-3">For more convoluted language, see the </code>LICENSE` file.</p><p class="my-3"><br />About<br />-----<br /><strong><a href="http://themoll.com" class="text-primary hover:underline" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Andri Möll</a></strong> typed this and the code. <br /><a href="https://mondayapp.com" class="text-primary hover:underline" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Monday Calendar</a> supported the engineering work.</p><p class="my-3">If you find Kindof.js needs improving, please don't hesitate to type to me now<br />at [andri@dot.ee][email] or [create an issue online][issues].</p><p class="my-3">[email]: mailto:andri@dot.ee<br />[issues]: https://github.com/moll/js-kindof/issues<br /></p></div><div class="flex justify-center absolute inset-x-0 bottom-0 bg-gradient-to-t from-background via-background to-transparent pb-4 pt-16"><button data-slot="button" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap text-sm font-medium transition-all disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4 shrink-0 [&_svg]:shrink-0 outline-none focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:ring-[3px] aria-invalid:ring-destructive/20 dark:aria-invalid:ring-destructive/40 aria-invalid:border-destructive border bg-background shadow-xs hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground dark:bg-input/30 dark:border-input dark:hover:bg-input/50 h-8 rounded-md gap-1.5 px-3 has-[>svg]:px-2.5"><svg 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status][travis-badge]](https://travis-ci.org/moll/js-kindof)\n\nKindof.js **provides a single `kindof` function** that does what you'd expect\nfrom `typeof` — gives you the proper semantic type regardless if the variable\nwas a **primitive** (`\"Hello\"`), a **built-in [value object][value-object]**\nlike (`new Date(2000, 5, 18)` or `/.*/`) or came from **another execution\ncontext** (e.g. an array from another `\u003ciframe\u003e`).\n\n### Tour\nWhen and why should you use `kindof` over `typeof`?\n\n- When you need a type check that returns `\"null\"` given the `null` value. \n You might remember, JavaScript's `typeof` says `null` is an object.\n- When you need to **differentiate** between **plain objects** (`{name:\n \"John\"}`) and **built-in value objects** (`new Date(2000, 5, 18)`). \n A single `kindof(obj) == \"date\"` check makes that easy. \n- When there's a chance you might get an object from **another execution\n context**. \n In the browser that might mean an object from another `\u003cframe\u003e`. \n Different execution contexts have different built-in class instances, so you\n can't do `obj instanceof Date` safely.\n- Kindof.js does not consider boxed objects (instances of `Boolean`, `Number`\n and `String`) to of the same type as their primitive counterparts. See below\n for why boxed objects are very error prone and should be avoided.\n\nKindof.js supports all ECMAScript **built-in types and primitives**:\n`undefined`, `null`, `Boolean`, `Number`, `String`, `Symbol`, `RegExp`, `Date`,\n`Array`, `Function` and plain old `Object`. Others, e.g. `Math` and `JSON`, are\nconsidered just objects. In general, objects that behave like **value objects**\n(dates, regular expressions etc.) or proper arrays have a kind other than\n`object`.\n\nPlease see the table below for the full list of kinds.\n\n### Primitives and Boxed Objects\nYou might know, JavaScript has both primitive types and boxed object types for\nbooleans, numbers and strings. Primitives are what you get from code literals\n(`true`, `42`, `\"Hello\"`) and from `JSON.parse`. Boxed objects tend to only\nappear when someone explicitly calls their constructor (`new Boolean(false)`).\n\nBoxed objects wouldn't be so bad, except JavaScript's equivalence operator\n(`==`), for all its type coercions, doesn't handle them transparently. While you\ncan't compare other value types like dates and regular expressions with `==`\neither, you won't make that mistake that easily. The following is a small\nexample of problems with boxed objects:\n\n```javascript\nnew String(\"a\") == new String(\"a\") // =\u003e false\nnew Boolean(true) == new Boolean(true) // =\u003e false\nBoolean(new Boolean(false)) // =\u003e true\n!!(new Boolean(false)) // =\u003e true\n```\n\nIf you still wish Kindof to consider boxed Boolean, Number and String types like\nprimitives (returning `\"boolean\"`, `\"number\"` and `\"string\"` respectively), feel\nfree to use [Kindof.js's v1 branch][v1] with `npm install kindof@1`.\n\n[value-object]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_object\n[v1]: https://github.com/moll/js-kindof/tree/v1\n[npm-badge]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/kindof.svg\n[travis-badge]: https://travis-ci.org/moll/js-kindof.png?branch=master\n\n\nInstalling\n----------\n**Note**: Kindof.js follows [semantic versioning](http://semver.org/).\n\n### Installing for the browser\nTake the `kindof.js` file and source it at will.\n\n### Installing on Node.js\nInstall with `npm install kindof`. \nAnd require with `var kindof = require(\"kindof\")`.\n\n\nUsing\n-----\nPass any object to `kindof` and compare its output to what you expect:\n```javascript\nkindof(\"Hello\") // =\u003e \"string\"\nkindof(new Date(2000, 5, 18)) // =\u003e \"date\"\n```\n\nA switch statement might help:\n```javascript\nswitch (kindof(obj)) {\n case \"null\": this.name = \"Alfred\"; break\n case \"string\": this.name = obj; break\n case \"date\": this.birthdate = obj; break\n default: throw new TypeError(\"Pardon, sir, came upon an unexpected type.\")\n}\n```\n\n\nKinds\n-----\nThe pattern is simple and follows `typeof`: besides primitives, built-in objects\nthat are **value objects** (dates, regular expressions etc.) or **real arrays**\nare of a kind other than `object`. The `arguments` object, for example, is not\na proper array and is therefore an `object`.\n\nValue | Kindof\n----------------------|----------\n`undefined `| undefined\n`null `| null\n`true `| boolean\n`false `| boolean\n`42 `| number\n`NaN `| number\n`Infinity `| number\n`\"Hello\" `| string\n`Symbol() `| symbol\n`Symbol(\"forEach\") `| symbol\n`Symbol.iterator `| symbol\n`/.*/ `| regexp\n`new RegExp(\".*\") `| regexp\n`new Date `| date\n`[42, 69] `| array\n`function() {} `| function\n`{} `| object\n`arguments `| object\n`new Boolean(true) `| object\n`new Number(42) `| object\n`new String(\"Hello\") `| object\n`new MyClass `| object\n`new Error `| object\n`Math `| object\n`JSON `| object\n\n**Subclassed objects**, such as subclassed arrays, are considered to be `object`\nunless their internal `[[Class]]` property remains that of the original. For\nways to subclass properly, please see further reading below.\n\n\nFurther Reading\n---------------\n- The [`typeof` operator in ECMAScript 5.1][typeof-ecma].\n- The [`typeof` operator as implemented by Firefox][typeof-firefox].\n- Article on [subclassing `Array`][subclass] by [Juriy Zaytsev][juriy].\n\n[typeof-ecma]: http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-11.4.3\n[typeof-firefox]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/typeof\n[subclass]: http://perfectionkills.com/how-ecmascript-5-still-does-not-allow-to-subclass-an-array/\n[juriy]: http://perfectionkills.com\n\n\nLicense\n-------\nKindof.js is released under a *Lesser GNU Affero General Public License*, which\nin summary means:\n\n- You **can** use this program for **no cost**.\n- You **can** use this program for **both personal and commercial reasons**.\n- You **do not have to share your own program's code** which uses this program.\n- You **have to share modifications** (e.g 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2\"}]]}]]}]}]]}]]}]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"24:[\"$\",\"$L20\",null,{\"value\":\"versions\",\"className\":\"mt-6\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"packageName\":\"kindof\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"2.0.0\",\"date\":\"2015-05-25T10:23:16.486Z\",\"deprecated\":\"$undefined\"},{\"version\":\"1.0.0\",\"date\":\"2013-09-14T14:17:43.605Z\",\"deprecated\":\"$undefined\"},{\"version\":\"0.1.337\",\"date\":\"2013-09-14T13:08:15.606Z\",\"deprecated\":\"$undefined\"}],\"currentVersion\":\"2.0.0\"}]}]\n"])</script><div style="display:none" id="S:1"><div class="space-y-8"><div class="flex flex-col gap-6 lg:flex-row lg:gap-8"><div class="flex-1 space-y-4"><div class="flex flex-wrap items-start gap-3"><h1 class="font-mono text-2xl font-bold sm:text-3xl">kindof</h1><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2"><span data-slot="badge" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md border px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium w-fit whitespace-nowrap shrink-0 [&>svg]:size-3 gap-1 [&>svg]:pointer-events-none focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:ring-[3px] aria-invalid:ring-destructive/20 dark:aria-invalid:ring-destructive/40 aria-invalid:border-destructive transition-[color,box-shadow] overflow-hidden border-transparent bg-secondary text-secondary-foreground [a&]:hover:bg-secondary/90 font-mono">v2.0.0</span></div></div><p class="text-lg text-muted-foreground">A proper typeof that works with primitives, built-in value objects and those from other execution contexts.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap gap-1.5"><a href="/search?q=kind"><span data-slot="badge" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md border px-2 py-0.5 w-fit whitespace-nowrap shrink-0 [&>svg]:size-3 gap-1 [&>svg]:pointer-events-none focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:ring-[3px] aria-invalid:ring-destructive/20 dark:aria-invalid:ring-destructive/40 aria-invalid:border-destructive transition-[color,box-shadow] overflow-hidden text-foreground [a&]:hover:bg-accent [a&]:hover:text-accent-foreground text-xs font-normal hover:bg-accent">kind</span></a><a href="/search?q=tostring"><span data-slot="badge" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md border px-2 py-0.5 w-fit whitespace-nowrap shrink-0 [&>svg]:size-3 gap-1 [&>svg]:pointer-events-none focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:ring-[3px] aria-invalid:ring-destructive/20 dark:aria-invalid:ring-destructive/40 aria-invalid:border-destructive transition-[color,box-shadow] overflow-hidden text-foreground [a&]:hover:bg-accent [a&]:hover:text-accent-foreground text-xs font-normal hover:bg-accent">tostring</span></a><a href="/search?q=type"><span data-slot="badge" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md border px-2 py-0.5 w-fit whitespace-nowrap shrink-0 [&>svg]:size-3 gap-1 [&>svg]:pointer-events-none focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:ring-[3px] aria-invalid:ring-destructive/20 dark:aria-invalid:ring-destructive/40 aria-invalid:border-destructive transition-[color,box-shadow] overflow-hidden text-foreground [a&]:hover:bg-accent [a&]:hover:text-accent-foreground text-xs font-normal hover:bg-accent">type</span></a><a href="/search?q=typeof"><span data-slot="badge" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md border px-2 py-0.5 w-fit whitespace-nowrap shrink-0 [&>svg]:size-3 gap-1 [&>svg]:pointer-events-none focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:ring-[3px] aria-invalid:ring-destructive/20 dark:aria-invalid:ring-destructive/40 aria-invalid:border-destructive transition-[color,box-shadow] overflow-hidden text-foreground [a&]:hover:bg-accent [a&]:hover:text-accent-foreground text-xs font-normal hover:bg-accent">typeof</span></a></div><div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 text-sm text-muted-foreground"><span class="flex items-center gap-1.5"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-download h-4 w-4"><path d="M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4"></path><polyline points="7 10 12 15 17 10"></polyline><line x1="12" x2="12" y1="15" y2="3"></line></svg><span class="font-medium text-foreground">9.8K</span>/week</span><span class="flex items-center gap-1.5"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-calendar h-4 w-4"><path d="M8 2v4"></path><path d="M16 2v4"></path><rect width="18" height="18" x="3" y="4" rx="2"></rect><path d="M3 10h18"></path></svg>Updated 3 years ago</span></div><div class="text-sm"><span class="text-muted-foreground">Published by </span><a class="font-medium hover:underline" href="/~Andri%20M%C3%B6ll">Andri Möll</a></div></div><div class="w-full space-y-4 lg:w-80"><div class="rounded-lg border bg-card"><div dir="ltr" data-orientation="horizontal" data-slot="tabs" class="flex flex-col gap-2"><div role="tablist" aria-orientation="horizontal" data-slot="tabs-list" class="text-muted-foreground inline-flex h-9 items-center w-full justify-start rounded-none border-b bg-transparent p-0" tabindex="-1" data-orientation="horizontal" style="outline:none"><button type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-content-npm" data-state="active" id="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-trigger-npm" data-slot="tabs-trigger" class="dark:data-[state=active]:text-foreground focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:outline-ring dark:data-[state=active]:border-input dark:data-[state=active]:bg-input/30 text-foreground dark:text-muted-foreground inline-flex h-[calc(100%-1px)] flex-1 items-center justify-center gap-1.5 border px-2 py-1 text-sm font-medium whitespace-nowrap transition-[color,box-shadow] focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:outline-1 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 data-[state=active]:shadow-sm [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg]:shrink-0 [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4 rounded-none border-b-2 border-transparent data-[state=active]:border-primary data-[state=active]:bg-transparent" tabindex="-1" data-orientation="horizontal" data-radix-collection-item="">npm</button><button type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-content-yarn" data-state="inactive" id="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-trigger-yarn" data-slot="tabs-trigger" class="dark:data-[state=active]:text-foreground focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:outline-ring dark:data-[state=active]:border-input dark:data-[state=active]:bg-input/30 text-foreground dark:text-muted-foreground inline-flex h-[calc(100%-1px)] flex-1 items-center justify-center gap-1.5 border px-2 py-1 text-sm font-medium whitespace-nowrap transition-[color,box-shadow] focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:outline-1 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 data-[state=active]:shadow-sm [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg]:shrink-0 [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4 rounded-none border-b-2 border-transparent data-[state=active]:border-primary data-[state=active]:bg-transparent" tabindex="-1" data-orientation="horizontal" data-radix-collection-item="">yarn</button><button type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-content-pnpm" data-state="inactive" id="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-trigger-pnpm" data-slot="tabs-trigger" class="dark:data-[state=active]:text-foreground focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:outline-ring dark:data-[state=active]:border-input dark:data-[state=active]:bg-input/30 text-foreground dark:text-muted-foreground inline-flex h-[calc(100%-1px)] flex-1 items-center justify-center gap-1.5 border px-2 py-1 text-sm font-medium whitespace-nowrap transition-[color,box-shadow] focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:outline-1 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 data-[state=active]:shadow-sm [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg]:shrink-0 [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4 rounded-none border-b-2 border-transparent data-[state=active]:border-primary data-[state=active]:bg-transparent" tabindex="-1" data-orientation="horizontal" data-radix-collection-item="">pnpm</button><button type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-content-bun" data-state="inactive" id="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-trigger-bun" data-slot="tabs-trigger" class="dark:data-[state=active]:text-foreground focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:outline-ring dark:data-[state=active]:border-input dark:data-[state=active]:bg-input/30 text-foreground dark:text-muted-foreground inline-flex h-[calc(100%-1px)] flex-1 items-center justify-center gap-1.5 border px-2 py-1 text-sm font-medium whitespace-nowrap transition-[color,box-shadow] focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:outline-1 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 data-[state=active]:shadow-sm [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg]:shrink-0 [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4 rounded-none border-b-2 border-transparent data-[state=active]:border-primary data-[state=active]:bg-transparent" tabindex="-1" data-orientation="horizontal" data-radix-collection-item="">bun</button></div><div data-state="active" data-orientation="horizontal" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-trigger-npm" id="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-content-npm" tabindex="0" data-slot="tabs-content" class="flex-1 outline-none mt-0" style="animation-duration:0s"><div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 p-3"><code class="flex-1 overflow-x-auto whitespace-nowrap font-mono text-sm">npm install kindof</code><button data-slot="button" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center gap-2 whitespace-nowrap rounded-md text-sm font-medium transition-all disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4 [&_svg]:shrink-0 outline-none focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:ring-[3px] aria-invalid:ring-destructive/20 dark:aria-invalid:ring-destructive/40 aria-invalid:border-destructive hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground dark:hover:bg-accent/50 size-9 h-8 w-8 shrink-0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-copy h-4 w-4"><rect width="14" height="14" x="8" y="8" rx="2" ry="2"></rect><path d="M4 16c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V4c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h10c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2"></path></svg></button></div></div><div data-state="inactive" data-orientation="horizontal" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-trigger-yarn" hidden="" id="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-content-yarn" tabindex="0" data-slot="tabs-content" class="flex-1 outline-none mt-0"></div><div data-state="inactive" data-orientation="horizontal" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-trigger-pnpm" hidden="" id="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-content-pnpm" tabindex="0" data-slot="tabs-content" class="flex-1 outline-none mt-0"></div><div data-state="inactive" data-orientation="horizontal" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-trigger-bun" hidden="" id="radix-_R_36av5ubrb_-content-bun" tabindex="0" data-slot="tabs-content" class="flex-1 outline-none mt-0"></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-wrap gap-2"><a href="https://github.com/moll/js-kindof" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-slot="button" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap text-sm font-medium transition-all disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4 shrink-0 [&_svg]:shrink-0 outline-none focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:ring-[3px] aria-invalid:ring-destructive/20 dark:aria-invalid:ring-destructive/40 aria-invalid:border-destructive border bg-background shadow-xs hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground dark:bg-input/30 dark:border-input dark:hover:bg-input/50 h-8 rounded-md gap-1.5 px-3 has-[>svg]:px-2.5"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-github mr-1.5 h-4 w-4"><path d="M15 22v-4a4.8 4.8 0 0 0-1-3.5c3 0 6-2 6-5.5.08-1.25-.27-2.48-1-3.5.28-1.15.28-2.35 0-3.5 0 0-1 0-3 1.5-2.64-.5-5.36-.5-8 0C6 2 5 2 5 2c-.3 1.15-.3 2.35 0 3.5A5.403 5.403 0 0 0 4 9c0 3.5 3 5.5 6 5.5-.39.49-.68 1.05-.85 1.65-.17.6-.22 1.23-.15 1.85v4"></path><path d="M9 18c-4.51 2-5-2-7-2"></path></svg>Repository</a><a href="https://github.com/moll/js-kindof" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-slot="button" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap text-sm font-medium transition-all disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4 shrink-0 [&_svg]:shrink-0 outline-none focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:ring-[3px] aria-invalid:ring-destructive/20 dark:aria-invalid:ring-destructive/40 aria-invalid:border-destructive border bg-background shadow-xs hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground dark:bg-input/30 dark:border-input dark:hover:bg-input/50 h-8 rounded-md gap-1.5 px-3 has-[>svg]:px-2.5"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-house mr-1.5 h-4 w-4"><path d="M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8"></path><path d="M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-5.999a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 5.999A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path></svg>Homepage</a><a href="https://npmjs.com/package/kindof" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-slot="button" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap text-sm font-medium transition-all disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4 shrink-0 [&_svg]:shrink-0 outline-none focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:ring-[3px] aria-invalid:ring-destructive/20 dark:aria-invalid:ring-destructive/40 aria-invalid:border-destructive border bg-background shadow-xs hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground dark:bg-input/30 dark:border-input dark:hover:bg-input/50 h-8 rounded-md gap-1.5 px-3 has-[>svg]:px-2.5"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-external-link mr-1.5 h-4 w-4"><path d="M15 3h6v6"></path><path d="M10 14 21 3"></path><path d="M18 13v6a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V8a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6"></path></svg>npm</a></div></div></div><div dir="ltr" data-orientation="horizontal" data-slot="tabs" class="flex flex-col gap-2 w-full"><div role="tablist" aria-orientation="horizontal" data-slot="tabs-list" class="bg-muted text-muted-foreground inline-flex h-9 w-fit items-center justify-center rounded-lg p-[3px]" tabindex="-1" data-orientation="horizontal" style="outline:none"><button type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="radix-_R_aav5ubrb_-content-readme" data-state="active" id="radix-_R_aav5ubrb_-trigger-readme" data-slot="tabs-trigger" class="data-[state=active]:bg-background dark:data-[state=active]:text-foreground focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:outline-ring dark:data-[state=active]:border-input dark:data-[state=active]:bg-input/30 text-foreground dark:text-muted-foreground inline-flex h-[calc(100%-1px)] flex-1 items-center justify-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-transparent px-2 py-1 text-sm font-medium whitespace-nowrap transition-[color,box-shadow] focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:outline-1 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 data-[state=active]:shadow-sm [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg]:shrink-0 [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4" tabindex="-1" data-orientation="horizontal" data-radix-collection-item="">Readme</button><button type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="radix-_R_aav5ubrb_-content-dependencies" data-state="inactive" id="radix-_R_aav5ubrb_-trigger-dependencies" data-slot="tabs-trigger" class="data-[state=active]:bg-background dark:data-[state=active]:text-foreground focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:outline-ring dark:data-[state=active]:border-input dark:data-[state=active]:bg-input/30 text-foreground dark:text-muted-foreground inline-flex h-[calc(100%-1px)] flex-1 items-center justify-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-transparent px-2 py-1 text-sm font-medium whitespace-nowrap transition-[color,box-shadow] focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:outline-1 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 data-[state=active]:shadow-sm [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg]:shrink-0 [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4" tabindex="-1" data-orientation="horizontal" data-radix-collection-item="">Dependencies<span class="ml-1.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground">(0)</span></button><button type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="radix-_R_aav5ubrb_-content-versions" data-state="inactive" id="radix-_R_aav5ubrb_-trigger-versions" data-slot="tabs-trigger" class="data-[state=active]:bg-background dark:data-[state=active]:text-foreground focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:outline-ring dark:data-[state=active]:border-input dark:data-[state=active]:bg-input/30 text-foreground dark:text-muted-foreground inline-flex h-[calc(100%-1px)] flex-1 items-center justify-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border border-transparent px-2 py-1 text-sm font-medium whitespace-nowrap transition-[color,box-shadow] focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:outline-1 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 data-[state=active]:shadow-sm [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg]:shrink-0 [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4" tabindex="-1" data-orientation="horizontal" data-radix-collection-item="">Versions<span class="ml-1.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground">(3)</span></button></div><div data-state="active" data-orientation="horizontal" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="radix-_R_aav5ubrb_-trigger-readme" id="radix-_R_aav5ubrb_-content-readme" tabindex="0" data-slot="tabs-content" class="flex-1 outline-none mt-6" style="animation-duration:0s"><div class="relative"><div class="prose prose-sm dark:prose-invert max-w-none overflow-hidden rounded-lg border p-6" style="max-height:500px"><p>Kindof.js<br />=========<br />[![NPM version][npm-badge]](https://www.npmjs.com/package/kindof)<br />[![Build status][travis-badge]](https://travis-ci.org/moll/js-kindof)</p><p class="my-3">Kindof.js <strong>provides a single <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">kindof</code> function</strong> that does what you'd expect<br />from <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">typeof</code> — gives you the proper semantic type regardless if the variable<br />was a <strong>primitive</strong> (<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">"Hello"</code>), a <strong>built-in [value object][value-object]</strong><br />like (<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">new Date(2000, 5, 18)</code> or <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">/.<em>/</code>) or came from </em>*another execution<br />context** (e.g. an array from another <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"><iframe></code>).</p><p class="my-3"><h3 class="text-lg font-medium mt-4 mb-2">$3</h3><br />When and why should you use <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">kindof</code> over <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">typeof</code>?</p><p class="my-3">- When you need a type check that returns <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">"null"</code> given the <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">null</code> value. <br /> You might remember, JavaScript's <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">typeof</code> says <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">null</code> is an object.<br />- When you need to <strong>differentiate</strong> between <strong>plain objects</strong> (<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">{name:<br /> "John"}</code>) and <strong>built-in value objects</strong> (<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">new Date(2000, 5, 18)</code>). <br /> A single <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">kindof(obj) == "date"</code> check makes that easy. <br />- When there's a chance you might get an object from **another execution<br /> context**. <br /> In the browser that might mean an object from another <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"><frame></code>. <br /> Different execution contexts have different built-in class instances, so you<br /> can't do <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">obj instanceof Date</code> safely.<br />- Kindof.js does not consider boxed objects (instances of <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Boolean</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Number</code><br /> and <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">String</code>) to of the same type as their primitive counterparts. See below<br /> for why boxed objects are very error prone and should be avoided.</p><p class="my-3">Kindof.js supports all ECMAScript <strong>built-in types and primitives</strong>:<br /><code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">undefined</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">null</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Boolean</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Number</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">String</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Symbol</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">RegExp</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Date</code>,<br /><code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Array</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Function</code> and plain old <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Object</code>. Others, e.g. <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">Math</code> and <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">JSON</code>, are<br />considered just objects. In general, objects that behave like <strong>value objects</strong><br />(dates, regular expressions etc.) or proper arrays have a kind other than<br /><code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">object</code>.</p><p class="my-3">Please see the table below for the full list of kinds.</p><p class="my-3"><h3 class="text-lg font-medium mt-4 mb-2">$3</h3><br />You might know, JavaScript has both primitive types and boxed object types for<br />booleans, numbers and strings. Primitives are what you get from code literals<br />(<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">true</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">42</code>, <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">"Hello"</code>) and from <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">JSON.parse</code>. Boxed objects tend to only<br />appear when someone explicitly calls their constructor (<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">new Boolean(false)</code>).</p><p class="my-3">Boxed objects wouldn't be so bad, except JavaScript's equivalence operator<br />(<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">==</code>), for all its type coercions, doesn't handle them transparently. While you<br />can't compare other value types like dates and regular expressions with <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">==</code><br />either, you won't make that mistake that easily. The following is a small<br />example of problems with boxed objects:</p><p class="my-3">``<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">javascript<br />new String("a") == new String("a") // => false<br />new Boolean(true) == new Boolean(true) // => false<br />Boolean(new Boolean(false)) // => true<br />!!(new Boolean(false)) // => true<br /></code>`<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"></p><p class="my-3">If you still wish Kindof to consider boxed Boolean, Number and String types like<br />primitives (returning </code>"boolean"<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">, </code>"number"<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> and </code>"string"<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> respectively), feel<br />free to use [Kindof.js's v1 branch][v1] with </code>npm install kindof@1<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">.</p><p class="my-3">[value-object]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_object<br />[v1]: https://github.com/moll/js-kindof/tree/v1<br />[npm-badge]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/kindof.svg<br />[travis-badge]: https://travis-ci.org/moll/js-kindof.png?branch=master</p><p class="my-3"><br />Installing<br />----------<br /><strong>Note</strong>: Kindof.js follows <a href="http://semver.org/" class="text-primary hover:underline" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">semantic versioning</a>.</p><p class="my-3"><h3 class="text-lg font-medium mt-4 mb-2">$3</h3><br />Take the </code>kindof.js<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> file and source it at will.</p><p class="my-3"><h3 class="text-lg font-medium mt-4 mb-2">$3</h3><br />Install with </code>npm install kindof<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">. <br />And require with </code>var kindof = require("kindof")<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">.</p><p class="my-3"><br />Using<br />-----<br />Pass any object to </code>kindof<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> and compare its output to what you expect:<br /></code>`<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">javascript<br />kindof("Hello") // => "string"<br />kindof(new Date(2000, 5, 18)) // => "date"<br /></code>`<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"></p><p class="my-3">A switch statement might help:<br /></code>`<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">javascript<br />switch (kindof(obj)) {<br /> case "null": this.name = "Alfred"; break<br /> case "string": this.name = obj; break<br /> case "date": this.birthdate = obj; break<br /> default: throw new TypeError("Pardon, sir, came upon an unexpected type.")<br />}<br /></code>`<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"></p><p class="my-3"><br />Kinds<br />-----<br />The pattern is simple and follows </code>typeof<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">: besides primitives, built-in objects<br />that are <strong>value objects</strong> (dates, regular expressions etc.) or <strong>real arrays</strong><br />are of a kind other than </code>object<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">. The </code>arguments<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> object, for example, is not<br />a proper array and is therefore an </code>object<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">.</p><p class="my-3">Value | Kindof<br />----------------------|----------<br /></code>undefined <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| undefined<br /></code>null <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| null<br /></code>true <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| boolean<br /></code>false <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| boolean<br /></code>42 <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| number<br /></code>NaN <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| number<br /></code>Infinity <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| number<br /></code>"Hello" <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| string<br /></code>Symbol() <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| symbol<br /></code>Symbol("forEach") <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| symbol<br /></code>Symbol.iterator <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| symbol<br /></code>/.*/ <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| regexp<br /></code>new RegExp(".*") <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| regexp<br /></code>new Date <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| date<br /></code>[42, 69] <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| array<br /></code>function() {} <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| function<br /></code>{} <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>arguments <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>new Boolean(true) <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>new Number(42) <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>new String("Hello") <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>new MyClass <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>new Error <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>Math <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object<br /></code>JSON <code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">| object</p><p class="my-3"><strong>Subclassed objects</strong>, such as subclassed arrays, are considered to be </code>object<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"><br />unless their internal </code>[[Class]]<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> property remains that of the original. For<br />ways to subclass properly, please see further reading below.</p><p class="my-3"><br />Further Reading<br />---------------<br />- The [</code>typeof<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> operator in ECMAScript 5.1][typeof-ecma].<br />- The [</code>typeof<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono"> operator as implemented by Firefox][typeof-firefox].<br />- Article on [subclassing </code>Array<code class="bg-muted px-1 py-0.5 rounded text-sm font-mono">][subclass] by [Juriy Zaytsev][juriy].</p><p class="my-3">[typeof-ecma]: http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-11.4.3<br />[typeof-firefox]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/typeof<br />[subclass]: http://perfectionkills.com/how-ecmascript-5-still-does-not-allow-to-subclass-an-array/<br />[juriy]: http://perfectionkills.com</p><p class="my-3"><br />License<br />-------<br />Kindof.js is released under a <em>Lesser GNU Affero General Public License</em>, which<br />in summary means:</p><p class="my-3">- You <strong>can</strong> use this program for <strong>no cost</strong>.<br />- You <strong>can</strong> use this program for <strong>both personal and commercial reasons</strong>.<br />- You <strong>do not have to share your own program's code</strong> which uses this program.<br />- You <strong>have to share modifications</strong> (e.g bug-fixes) you've made to this<br /> program.</p><p class="my-3">For more convoluted language, see the </code>LICENSE` file.</p><p class="my-3"><br />About<br />-----<br /><strong><a href="http://themoll.com" class="text-primary hover:underline" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Andri Möll</a></strong> typed this and the code. <br /><a href="https://mondayapp.com" class="text-primary hover:underline" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Monday Calendar</a> supported the engineering work.</p><p class="my-3">If you find Kindof.js needs improving, please don't hesitate to type to me now<br />at [andri@dot.ee][email] or [create an issue online][issues].</p><p class="my-3">[email]: mailto:andri@dot.ee<br />[issues]: https://github.com/moll/js-kindof/issues<br /></p></div><div class="flex justify-center absolute inset-x-0 bottom-0 bg-gradient-to-t from-background via-background to-transparent pb-4 pt-16"><button data-slot="button" class="inline-flex items-center justify-center whitespace-nowrap text-sm font-medium transition-all disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 [&_svg]:pointer-events-none [&_svg:not([class*='size-'])]:size-4 shrink-0 [&_svg]:shrink-0 outline-none focus-visible:border-ring focus-visible:ring-ring/50 focus-visible:ring-[3px] aria-invalid:ring-destructive/20 dark:aria-invalid:ring-destructive/40 aria-invalid:border-destructive border bg-background shadow-xs hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground dark:bg-input/30 dark:border-input dark:hover:bg-input/50 h-8 rounded-md gap-1.5 px-3 has-[>svg]:px-2.5"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-down mr-1 h-4 w-4"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg>Show more</button></div></div></div><template id="P:3"></template><template id="P:4"></template></div></div></div><div hidden id="S:3"><div data-state="inactive" data-orientation="horizontal" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="radix-_R_aav5ubrb_-trigger-dependencies" hidden="" id="radix-_R_aav5ubrb_-content-dependencies" tabindex="0" data-slot="tabs-content" class="flex-1 outline-none mt-6"></div></div><script>$RS=function(a,b){a=document.getElementById(a);b=document.getElementById(b);for(a.parentNode.removeChild(a);a.firstChild;)b.parentNode.insertBefore(a.firstChild,b);b.parentNode.removeChild(b)};$RS("S:3","P:3")</script><div hidden id="S:4"><div data-state="inactive" data-orientation="horizontal" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="radix-_R_aav5ubrb_-trigger-versions" hidden="" id="radix-_R_aav5ubrb_-content-versions" tabindex="0" data-slot="tabs-content" class="flex-1 outline-none mt-6"></div></div><script>$RS("S:4","P:4")</script><script>$RC("B:1","S:1")</script></body></html>