nuqs


Type-safe search params state manager for React frameworks. Like useState, but stored in the URL query string.

Features

- 🔀 new: Supports Next.js (app and pages routers), plain React (SPA), Remix, React Router, TanStack Router, and custom routers via adapters
- 🧘‍♀️ Simple: the URL is the source of truth
- 🕰 Replace history or append to use the Back button to navigate state updates
- ⚡️ Built-in parsers for common state types (integer, float, boolean, Date, and more). Create your own parsers for custom types & pretty URLs
- ♊️ Related querystrings with useQueryStates
- 📡 Shallow mode by default for URL query updates, opt-in to notify server components
- 🗃 Server cache for type-safe searchParams access in nested server components
- ⌛️ Support for useTransition to get loading states on server updates

Documentation

Read the complete documentation at nuqs.dev.

Installation

``shell
pnpm add nuqs
`

`shell
yarn add nuqs
`

`shell
npm install nuqs
`

Adapters

You will need to wrap your React component tree with an adapter for your framework. _(expand the appropriate section below)_

React Router v6


> Supported React Router versions: react-router-dom@^6

`tsx
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/react-router/v6'
import { createBrowserRouter, RouterProvider } from 'react-router-dom'
import App from './App'

const router = createBrowserRouter([
{
path: '/',
element:
}
])

export function ReactRouter() {
return (



)
}
`

React Router v7


> Supported React Router versions: react-router@^7

`tsx
// app/root.tsx
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/react-router/v7'
import { Outlet } from 'react-router'

// ...

export default function App() {
return (



)
}
`

Usage

`tsx
'use client' // Only works in client components

import { useQueryState } from 'nuqs'

export default () => {
const [name, setName] = useQueryState('name')
return (
<>


Hello, {name || 'anonymous visitor'}!

useQueryState takes one required argument: the key to use in the query string.

Like React.useState, it returns an array with the value present in the query
string as a string (or null if none was found), and a state updater function.

Example outputs for our hello world example:

| URL | name value | Notes |
| ------------ | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| / | null | No name key in URL |
| /?name= | '' | Empty string |
| /?name=foo | 'foo' |
| /?name=2 | '2' | Always returns a string by default, see Parsing below |

Parsing

If your state type is not a string, you must pass a parsing function in the
second argument object.

We provide parsers for common and more advanced object types:

`ts
import {
parseAsString,
parseAsInteger,
parseAsFloat,
parseAsBoolean,
parseAsTimestamp,
parseAsIsoDateTime,
parseAsArrayOf,
parseAsJson,
parseAsStringEnum,
parseAsStringLiteral,
parseAsNumberLiteral
} from 'nuqs'

useQueryState('tag') // defaults to string
useQueryState('count', parseAsInteger)
useQueryState('brightness', parseAsFloat)
useQueryState('darkMode', parseAsBoolean)
useQueryState('after', parseAsTimestamp) // state is a Date
useQueryState('date', parseAsIsoDateTime) // state is a Date
useQueryState('array', parseAsArrayOf(parseAsInteger)) // state is number[]
useQueryState('json', parseAsJson()) // state is a Point

// Enums (string-based only)
enum Direction {
up = 'UP',
down = 'DOWN',
left = 'LEFT',
right = 'RIGHT'
}

const [direction, setDirection] = useQueryState(
'direction',
parseAsStringEnum(Object.values(Direction)) // pass a list of allowed values
.withDefault(Direction.up)
)

// Literals (string-based only)
const colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue'] as const

const [color, setColor] = useQueryState(
'color',
parseAsStringLiteral(colors) // pass a readonly list of allowed values
.withDefault('red')
)

// Literals (number-based only)
const diceSides = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] as const

const [side, setSide] = useQueryState(
'side',
parseAsNumberLiteral(diceSides) // pass a readonly list of allowed values
.withDefault(4)
)
`

You may pass a custom set of parse and serialize functions:

`tsx
import { useQueryState } from 'nuqs'

export default () => {
const [hex, setHex] = useQueryState('hex', {
// TypeScript will automatically infer it's a number
// based on what parse returns.
parse: (query: string) => parseInt(query, 16),
serialize: value => value.toString(16)
})
}
`

Default value

When the query string is not present in the URL, the default behaviour is to
return null as state.

It can make state updating and UI rendering tedious. Take this example of a simple counter stored in the URL:

`tsx
import { useQueryState, parseAsInteger } from 'nuqs'

export default () => {
const [count, setCount] = useQueryState('count', parseAsInteger)
return (
<>


count: {count}

`ts
const [count, setCount] = useQueryState('count', parseAsInteger.withDefault(0))

const increment = () => setCount(c => c + 1) // c will never be null
const decrement = () => setCount(c => c - 1) // c will never be null
const clearCount = () => setCount(null) // Remove query from the URL
`

Note: the default value is internal to React, it will not be written to the
URL.

Setting the state to null will remove the key in the query string and set the
state to the default value.

Options

$3

By default, state updates are done by replacing the current history entry with
the updated query when state changes.

You can see this as a sort of git squash, where all state-changing
operations are merged into a single history value.

You can also opt-in to push a new history item for each state change,
per key, which will let you use the Back button to navigate state
updates:

`ts
// Default: replace current history with new state
useQueryState('foo', { history: 'replace' })

// Append state changes to history:
useQueryState('foo', { history: 'push' })
`

Any other value for the history option will fallback to the default.

You can also override the history mode when calling the state updater function:

`ts
const [query, setQuery] = useQueryState('q', { history: 'push' })

// This overrides the hook declaration setting:
setQuery(null, { history: 'replace' })
`

$3

> Note: this feature only applies to Next.js

By default, query state updates are done in a _client-first_ manner: there are
no network calls to the server.

This is equivalent to the shallow option of the Next.js pages router set to true,
or going through the experimental windowHistorySupport
flag in the app router.

To opt-in to query updates notifying the server (to re-run getServerSideProps
in the pages router and re-render Server Components on the app router),
you can set shallow to false:

`ts
const [state, setState] = useQueryState('foo', { shallow: false })

// You can also pass the option on calls to setState:
setState('bar', { shallow: false })
`

$3

Because of browsers rate-limiting the History API, internal updates to the
URL are queued and throttled to a default of 50ms, which seems to satisfy
most browsers even when sending high-frequency query updates, like binding
to a text input or a slider.

Safari's rate limits are much stricter and would require a throttle of around 340ms.
If you end up needing a longer time between updates, you can specify it in the
options:

`ts
useQueryState('foo', {
// Send updates to the server maximum once every second
shallow: false,
throttleMs: 1000
})

// You can also pass the option on calls to setState:
setState('bar', { throttleMs: 1000 })
`

> Note: the state returned by the hook is always updated instantly, to keep UI responsive.
> Only changes to the URL, and server requests when using shallow: false, are throttled.

If multiple hooks set different throttle values on the same event loop tick,
the highest value will be used. Also, values lower than 50ms will be ignored,
to avoid rate-limiting issues. Read more.

$3

When combined with shallow: false, you can use the useTransition hook to get
loading states while the server is re-rendering server components with the
updated URL.

Pass in the startTransition function from useTransition to the options
to enable this behaviour:

`tsx
'use client'

import React from 'react'
import { useQueryState, parseAsString } from 'nuqs'

function ClientComponent({ data }) {
// 1. Provide your own useTransition hook:
const [isLoading, startTransition] = React.useTransition()
const [query, setQuery] = useQueryState(
'query',
// 2. Pass the startTransition as an option:
parseAsString.withOptions({
startTransition,
shallow: false // opt-in to notify the server (Next.js only)
})
)
// 3. isLoading will be true while the server is re-rendering
// and streaming RSC payloads, when the query is updated via setQuery.

// Indicate loading state
if (isLoading) return

// Normal rendering with data
return

`ts
useQueryState(
'counter',
parseAsInteger.withDefault(0).withOptions({
history: 'push',
shallow: false
})
)
`

You can get this pattern for your custom parsers too, and compose them
with others:

`ts
import { createParser, parseAsHex } from 'nuqs'

// Wrapping your parser/serializer in createParser
// gives it access to the builder pattern & server-side
// parsing capabilities:
const hexColorSchema = createParser({
parse(query) {
if (query.length !== 6) {
return null // always return null for invalid inputs
}
return {
// When composing other parsers, they may return null too.
r: parseAsHex.parse(query.slice(0, 2)) ?? 0x00,
g: parseAsHex.parse(query.slice(2, 4)) ?? 0x00,
b: parseAsHex.parse(query.slice(4)) ?? 0x00
}
},
serialize({ r, g, b }) {
return (
parseAsHex.serialize(r) +
parseAsHex.serialize(g) +
parseAsHex.serialize(b)
)
}
})
// Eg: set common options directly
.withOptions({ history: 'push' })

// Or on usage:
useQueryState(
'tribute',
hexColorSchema.withDefault({
r: 0x66,
g: 0x33,
b: 0x99
})
)
`

Note: see this example running in the hex-colors demo/hex-colors/page.tsx>).

Multiple Queries (batching)

You can call as many state update function as needed in a single event loop
tick, and they will be applied to the URL asynchronously:

`ts
const MultipleQueriesDemo = () => {
const [lat, setLat] = useQueryState('lat', parseAsFloat)
const [lng, setLng] = useQueryState('lng', parseAsFloat)
const randomCoordinates = React.useCallback(() => {
setLat(Math.random() * 180 - 90)
setLng(Math.random() * 360 - 180)
}, [])
}
`

If you wish to know when the URL has been updated, and what it contains, you can
await the Promise returned by the state updater function, which gives you the
updated URLSearchParameters object:

`ts
const randomCoordinates = React.useCallback(() => {
setLat(42)
return setLng(12)
}, [])

randomCoordinates().then((search: URLSearchParams) => {
search.get('lat') // 42
search.get('lng') // 12, has been queued and batch-updated
})
`

useQueryStates

For query keys that should always move together, you can use useQueryStates
with an object containing each key's type:

`ts
import { useQueryStates, parseAsFloat } from 'nuqs'

const [coordinates, setCoordinates] = useQueryStates(
{
lat: parseAsFloat.withDefault(45.18),
lng: parseAsFloat.withDefault(5.72)
},
{
history: 'push'
}
)

const { lat, lng } = coordinates

// Set all (or a subset of) the keys in one go:
const search = await setCoordinates({
lat: Math.random() * 180 - 90,
lng: Math.random() * 360 - 180
})
`

Loaders

To parse search params as a one-off operation, you can use a loader function:

`tsx
import { createLoader } from 'nuqs' // or 'nuqs/server'

const searchParams = {
q: parseAsString,
page: parseAsInteger.withDefault(1)
}

const loadSearchParams = createLoader(searchParams)

const { q, page } = loadSearchParams('?q=hello&page=2')
`

It accepts various types of inputs (strings, URL, URLSearchParams, Request, Promises, etc.). Read more

See the server-side parsing demo/pagination>)
for a live example showing how to reuse parser configurations between
client and server code.

Accessing searchParams in Server Components

If you wish to access the searchParams in a deeply nested Server Component
(ie: not in the Page component), you can use createSearchParamsCache
to do so in a type-safe manner.

> Note: parsers don't validate your data. If you expect positive integers
> or JSON-encoded objects of a particular shape, you'll need to feed the result
> of the parser to a schema validation library, like Zod.

`tsx
// searchParams.ts
import {
createSearchParamsCache,
parseAsInteger,
parseAsString
} from 'nuqs/server'
// Note: import from 'nuqs/server' to avoid the "use client" directive

export const searchParamsCache = createSearchParamsCache({
// List your search param keys and associated parsers here:
q: parseAsString.withDefault(''),
maxResults: parseAsInteger.withDefault(10)
})

// page.tsx
import { searchParamsCache } from './searchParams'

export default function Page({
searchParams
}: {
searchParams: Record
}) {
// ⚠️ Don't forget to call parse here.
// You can access type-safe values from the returned object:
const { q: query } = searchParamsCache.parse(searchParams)
return (


function Results() {
// Access type-safe search params in children server components:
const maxResults = searchParamsCache.get('maxResults')
return Showing up to {maxResults} results
}
`

The cache will only be valid for the current page render
(see React's cache function).

Note: the cache only works for server components, but you may share your
parser declaration with useQueryStates for type-safety in client components:

`tsx
// searchParams.ts
import { parseAsFloat, createSearchParamsCache } from 'nuqs/server'

export const coordinatesParsers = {
lat: parseAsFloat.withDefault(45.18),
lng: parseAsFloat.withDefault(5.72)
}
export const coordinatesCache = createSearchParamsCache(coordinatesParsers)

// page.tsx
import { coordinatesCache } from './searchParams'
import { Server } from './server'
import { Client } from './client'

export default async function Page({ searchParams }) {
await coordinatesCache.parse(searchParams)
return (
<>





)
}

// server.tsx
import { coordinatesCache } from './searchParams'

export function Server() {
const { lat, lng } = coordinatesCache.all()
// or access keys individually:
const lat = coordinatesCache.get('lat')
const lng = coordinatesCache.get('lng')
return (

Latitude: {lat} - Longitude: {lng}

)
}

// client.tsx
// prettier-ignore
;'use client'

import { useQueryStates } from 'nuqs'
import { coordinatesParsers } from './searchParams'

export function Client() {
const [{ lat, lng }, setCoordinates] = useQueryStates(coordinatesParsers)
// ...
}
`

Serializer helper

To populate components with state values, you can use the createSerializer
helper.

Pass it an object describing your search params, and it will give you a function
to call with values, that generates a query string serialized as the hooks would do.

Example:

`ts
import {
createSerializer,
parseAsInteger,
parseAsIsoDateTime,
parseAsString,
parseAsStringLiteral
} from 'nuqs/server'

const searchParams = {
search: parseAsString,
limit: parseAsInteger,
from: parseAsIsoDateTime,
to: parseAsIsoDateTime,
sortBy: parseAsStringLiteral(['asc', 'desc'])
}

// Create a serializer function by passing the description of the search params to accept
const serialize = createSerializer(searchParams)

// Then later, pass it some values (a subset) and render them to a query string
serialize({
search: 'foo bar',
limit: 10,
from: new Date('2024-01-01'),
// here, we omit to, which won't be added
sortBy: null // null values are also not rendered
})
// ?search=foo+bar&limit=10&from=2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z
`

$3

The returned serialize function can take a base parameter over which to
append/amend the search params:

`ts
serialize('/path?baz=qux', { foo: 'bar' }) // /path?baz=qux&foo=bar

const search = new URLSearchParams('?baz=qux')
serialize(search, { foo: 'bar' }) // ?baz=qux&foo=bar

const url = new URL('https://example.com/path?baz=qux')
serialize(url, { foo: 'bar' }) // https://example.com/path?baz=qux&foo=bar

// Passing null removes existing values
serialize('?remove=me', { foo: 'bar', remove: null }) // ?foo=bar
`

Parser type inference

To access the underlying type returned by a parser, you can use the
inferParserType type helper:

`ts
import { parseAsInteger, type inferParserType } from 'nuqs' // or 'nuqs/server'

const intNullable = parseAsInteger
const intNonNull = parseAsInteger.withDefault(0)

inferParserType // number | null
inferParserType // number
`

For an object describing parsers (that you'd pass to createSearchParamsCache
or to useQueryStates, inferParserType will
return the type of the object with the parsers replaced by their inferred types:

`ts
import { parseAsBoolean, parseAsInteger, type inferParserType } from 'nuqs' // or 'nuqs/server'

const parsers = {
a: parseAsInteger,
b: parseAsBoolean.withDefault(false)
}

inferParserType
// { a: number | null, b: boolean }
`

Testing

Since nuqs v2, you can use a testing adapter to unit-test components using
useQueryState and useQueryStates in isolation, without needing to mock
your framework or router.

Here's an example using Testing Library and Vitest:

`tsx
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event'
import { NuqsTestingAdapter, type UrlUpdateEvent } from 'nuqs/adapters/testing'
import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
import { CounterButton } from './counter-button'

it('should increment the count when clicked', async () => {
const user = userEvent.setup()
const onUrlUpdate = vi.fn<[UrlUpdateEvent]>()
render(, {
// Setup the test by passing initial search params / querystring,
// and give it a function to call on URL updates
wrapper: ({ children }) => (

{children}

)
})
// Initial state assertions: there's a clickable button displaying the count
const button = screen.getByRole('button')
expect(button).toHaveTextContent('count is 42')
// Act
await user.click(button)
// Assert changes in the state and in the (mocked) URL
expect(button).toHaveTextContent('count is 43')
expect(onUrlUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
expect(onUrlUpdate.mock.calls[0][0].queryString).toBe('?count=43')
expect(onUrlUpdate.mock.calls[0][0].searchParams.get('count')).toBe('43')
expect(onUrlUpdate.mock.calls[0][0].options.history).toBe('push')
})
`

See #259 for more testing-related discussions.

Debugging

You can enable debug logs in the browser by setting the debug item in localStorage
to nuqs, and reload the page.

`js
// In your devtools:
localStorage.setItem('debug', 'nuqs')
`

> Note: unlike the debug package, this will not work with wildcards, but
> you can combine it: localStorage.setItem('debug', '*,nuqs')

Log lines will be prefixed with [nuqs] for useQueryState and [nuq+] for
useQueryStates, along with other internal debug logs.

User timings markers are also recorded, for advanced performance analysis using
your browser's devtools.

Providing debug logs when opening an issue
is always appreciated. 🙏

$3

If your page uses query strings for local-only state, you should add a
canonical URL to your page, to tell SEO crawlers to ignore the query string
and index the page without it.

In the app router, this is done via the metadata object:

`ts
import type { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
alternates: {
canonical: '/url/path/without/querystring'
}
}
`

If however the query string is defining what content the page is displaying
(eg: YouTube's watch URLs, like https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ),
your canonical URL should contain relevant query strings, and you can still
use your parsers to read it, and to serialize the canonical URL:

`ts
// page.tsx
import type { Metadata, ResolvingMetadata } from 'next'
import { notFound } from 'next/navigation'
import {
createParser,
parseAsString,
createLoader,
createSerializer,
type SearchParams,
type UrlKeys
} from 'nuqs/server'

const youTubeVideoIdRegex = /^[^"&?\/\s]{11}$/i
const youTubeSearchParams = {
videoId: createParser({
parse(query) {
if (!youTubeVideoIdRegex.test(query)) {
return null
}
return query
},
serialize(videoId) {
return videoId
}
})
}
const youTubeUrlKeys: UrlKeys = {
videoId: 'v'
}
const loadYouTubeSearchParams = createLoader(youTubeSearchParams, {
urlKeys: youTubeUrlKeys
})
const serializeYouTubeSearchParams = createSerializer(youTubeSearchParams, {
urlKeys: youTubeUrlKeys
})

// --

type Props = {
searchParams: Promise
}

export async function generateMetadata({
searchParams
}: Props): Promise {
const { videoId } = await loadYouTubeSearchParams(searchParams)
if (!videoId) {
notFound()
}
return {
alternates: {
canonical: serializeYouTubeSearchParams('/watch', { videoId })
// /watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ
}
}
}
`

$3

If your serializer loses precision or doesn't accurately represent
the underlying state value, you will lose this precision when
reloading the page or restoring state from the URL (eg: on navigation).

Example:

`ts
const geoCoordParser = {
parse: parseFloat,
serialize: v => v.toFixed(4) // Loses precision
}

const [lat, setLat] = useQueryState('lat', geoCoordParser)
`

Here, setting a latitude of 1.23456789 will render a URL query string
of lat=1.2345, while the internal lat` state will be correctly
set to 1.23456789.

Upon reloading the page, the state will be incorrectly set to 1.2345.

License

MIT

Made with ❤️ by François Best

Using this package at work ? Sponsor me
to help with support and maintenance.

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