parquet.js

fully asynchronous, pure node.js implementation of the Parquet file format


This package contains a fully asynchronous, pure JavaScript implementation of
the Parquet file format. The implementation conforms with the
Parquet specification and is tested
for compatibility with Apache's Java reference implementation.

What is Parquet?: Parquet is a column-oriented file format; it allows you to
write a large amount of structured data to a file, compress it and then read parts
of it back out efficiently. The Parquet format is based on Google's Dremel paper.


Installation
------------

To use parquet.js with node.js, install it using npm:

``
$ npm install parquetjs-lite
`

_parquet.js requires node.js >= 7.6.0_


Usage: Writing files
--------------------

Once you have installed the parquet.js library, you can import it as a single
module:

` js
var parquet = require('parquetjs-lite');
`

Parquet files have a strict schema, similar to tables in a SQL database. So,
in order to produce a Parquet file we first need to declare a new schema. Here
is a simple example that shows how to instantiate a ParquetSchema object:

` js
// declare a schema for the fruits table
var schema = new parquet.ParquetSchema({
name: { type: 'UTF8' },
quantity: { type: 'INT64' },
price: { type: 'DOUBLE' },
date: { type: 'TIMESTAMP_MILLIS' },
in_stock: { type: 'BOOLEAN' }
});
`

Note that the Parquet schema supports nesting, so you can store complex, arbitrarily
nested records into a single row (more on that later) while still maintaining good
compression.

Once we have a schema, we can create a ParquetWriter object. The writer will
take input rows as JSON objects, convert them to the Parquet format and store
them on disk.

` js
// create new ParquetWriter that writes to 'fruits.parquet
var writer = await parquet.ParquetWriter.openFile(schema, 'fruits.parquet');

// append a few rows to the file
await writer.appendRow({name: 'apples', quantity: 10, price: 2.5, date: new Date(), in_stock: true});
await writer.appendRow({name: 'oranges', quantity: 10, price: 2.5, date: new Date(), in_stock: true});
``

Once we are finished adding rows to the file, we have to tell the writer object
to flush the metadata to disk and close the file by calling the close() method:


Usage: Reading files
--------------------

A parquet reader allows retrieving the rows from a parquet file in order.
The basic usage is to create a reader and then retrieve a cursor/iterator
which allows you to consume row after row until all rows have been read.

You may open more than one cursor and use them concurrently. All cursors become
invalid once close() is called on
the reader object.

` js
// create new ParquetReader that reads from 'fruits.parquet
let reader = await parquet.ParquetReader.openFile('fruits.parquet');

// create a new cursor
let cursor = reader.getCursor();

// read all records from the file and print them
let record = null;
while (record = await cursor.next()) {
console.log(record);
}
``

When creating a cursor, you can optionally request that only a subset of the
columns should be read from disk. For example:

` js
// create a new cursor that will only return the name and price columns
let cursor = reader.getCursor(['name', 'price']);
`

It is important that you call close() after you are finished reading the file to
avoid leaking file descriptors.

` js
await reader.close();
`

$3

Parquet files can be read from a url without having to download the whole file.
You will have to supply the request library as a first argument and the request parameters
as a second argument to the function parquetReader.openUrl.

` js
const request = require('request');
let reader = await parquet.ParquetReader.openUrl(request,'https://domain/fruits.parquet');
`

$3

Parquet files can be read from an S3 object without having to download the whole file.
You will have to supply the aws-sdk client as first argument and the bucket/key information
as second argument to the function parquetReader.openS3.

` js
const AWS = require('aws-sdk');
const client = new AWS.S3({
accessKeyId: 'xxxxxxxxxxx',
secretAccessKey: 'xxxxxxxxxxx'
});

const params = {
Bucket: 'xxxxxxxxxxx',
Key: 'xxxxxxxxxxx'
};

let reader = await parquet.ParquetReader.openS3(client,params);
`

$3

If the complete parquet file is in buffer it can be read directly from memory without incurring any additional I/O.

` js
const file = fs.readFileSync('fruits.parquet');
let reader = await parquet.ParquetReader.openBuffer(file);
`

Encodings
---------

Internally, the Parquet format will store values from each field as consecutive
arrays which can be compressed/encoded using a number of schemes.

#### Plain Encoding (PLAIN)

The most simple encoding scheme is the PLAIN encoding. It simply stores the
values as they are without any compression. The PLAIN encoding is currently
the default for all types except BOOLEAN:

` js
var schema = new parquet.ParquetSchema({
name: { type: 'UTF8', encoding: 'PLAIN' },
});
`

#### Run Length Encoding (RLE)

The Parquet hybrid run length and bitpacking encoding allows to compress runs
of numbers very efficiently. Note that the RLE encoding can only be used in
combination with the BOOLEAN, INT32 and INT64 types. The RLE encoding
requires an additional bitWidth parameter that contains the maximum number of
bits required to store the largest value of the field.

` js
var schema = new parquet.ParquetSchema({
age: { type: 'UINT_32', encoding: 'RLE', bitWidth: 7 },
});
`


Optional Fields
---------------

By default, all fields are required to be present in each row. You can also mark
a field as 'optional' which will let you store rows with that field missing:

` js
var schema = new parquet.ParquetSchema({
name: { type: 'UTF8' },
quantity: { type: 'INT64', optional: true },
});

var writer = await parquet.ParquetWriter.openFile(schema, 'fruits.parquet');
await writer.appendRow({name: 'apples', quantity: 10 });
await writer.appendRow({name: 'banana' }); // not in stock
`


Nested Rows & Arrays
--------------------

Parquet supports nested schemas that allow you to store rows that have a more
complex structure than a simple tuple of scalar values. To declare a schema
with a nested field, omit the type in the column definition and add a fields
list instead:

Consider this example, which allows us to store a more advanced "fruits" table
where each row contains a name, a list of colours and a list of "stock" objects.

` js
// advanced fruits table
var schema = new parquet.ParquetSchema({
name: { type: 'UTF8' },
colours: { type: 'UTF8', repeated: true },
stock: {
repeated: true,
fields: {
price: { type: 'DOUBLE' },
quantity: { type: 'INT64' },
}
}
});

// the above schema allows us to store the following rows:
var writer = await parquet.ParquetWriter.openFile(schema, 'fruits.parquet');

await writer.appendRow({
name: 'banana',
colours: ['yellow'],
stock: [
{ price: 2.45, quantity: 16 },
{ price: 2.60, quantity: 420 }
]
});

await writer.appendRow({
name: 'apple',
colours: ['red', 'green'],
stock: [
{ price: 1.20, quantity: 42 },
{ price: 1.30, quantity: 230 }
]
});

await writer.close();

// reading nested rows with a list of explicit columns
let reader = await parquet.ParquetReader.openFile('fruits.parquet');

let cursor = reader.getCursor([['name'], ['stock', 'price']]);
let record = null;
while (record = await cursor.next()) {
console.log(record);
}

await reader.close();
`

It might not be obvious why one would want to implement or use such a feature when
the same can - in principle - be achieved by serializing the record using JSON
(or a similar scheme) and then storing it into a UTF8 field:

Putting aside the philosophical discussion on the merits of strict typing,
knowing about the structure and subtypes of all records (globally) means we do not
have to duplicate this metadata (i.e. the field names) for every record. On top
of that, knowing about the type of a field allows us to compress the remaining
data more efficiently.


Nested Lists for Hive / Athena
-----------------------

Lists have to be annotated to be queriable with AWS Athena. See parquet-format for more detail and a full working example with comments in the test directory (test/list.js)


List of Supported Types & Encodings
-----------------------------------

We aim to be feature-complete and add new features as they are added to the
Parquet specification; this is the list of currently implemented data types and
encodings:

Logical Type	Primitive Type	Encodings
UTF8	BYTE_ARRAY	PLAIN
JSON	BYTE_ARRAY	PLAIN
BSON	BYTE_ARRAY	PLAIN
BYTE_ARRAY	BYTE_ARRAY	PLAIN
TIME_MILLIS	INT32	PLAIN, RLE
TIME_MICROS	INT64	PLAIN, RLE
TIMESTAMP_MILLIS	INT64	PLAIN, RLE
TIMESTAMP_MICROS	INT64	PLAIN, RLE
BOOLEAN	BOOLEAN	PLAIN, RLE
FLOAT	FLOAT	PLAIN
DOUBLE	DOUBLE	PLAIN
INT32	INT32	PLAIN, RLE
INT64	INT64	PLAIN, RLE
INT96	INT96	PLAIN
INT_8	INT32	PLAIN, RLE
INT_16	INT32	PLAIN, RLE
INT_32	INT32	PLAIN, RLE
INT_64	INT64	PLAIN, RLE
UINT_8	INT32	PLAIN, RLE
UINT_16	INT32	PLAIN, RLE
UINT_32	INT32	PLAIN, RLE
UINT_64	INT64	PLAIN, RLE

Buffering & Row Group Size
--------------------------

When writing a Parquet file, the ParquetWriter will buffer rows in memory
until a row group is complete (or close() is called) and then write out the row
group to disk.

The size of a row group is configurable by the user and controls the maximum
number of rows that are buffered in memory at any given time as well as the number
of rows that are co-located on disk:

` js
var writer = await parquet.ParquetWriter.openFile(schema, 'fruits.parquet');
writer.setRowGroupSize(8192);
``


Dependencies
-------------

Parquet uses thrift to encode the schema and other
metadata, but the actual data does not use thrift.

Notes
-----

Currently parquet-cpp doesn't fully support DATA_PAGE_V2. You can work around this
by setting the useDataPageV2 option to false.

Contributions
-------------
Please make sure you sign the contributor license agreement in order for us to be able to accept your contribution. We thank you very much!


License
-------

Copyright (c) 2017 ironSource Ltd.

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.