Tree Kit

This lib is a toolbox that provide functions to operate with nested Object structure.
It features the best .extend() method, providing dozen of options that all others libs miss.

* License: MIT
* Current status: release candidate
* Platform: Node.js only (browser support is planned)

Some tutorials are available at blog.soulserv.net/tag/tree-kit.

Install

Use Node Package Manager:

npm install tree-kit

Library references

* .extend(): full-featured extend facility, copy, clone, extend
* .clone(): clone any object
* .diff(): report differences between two objects

In all examples below, it is assumed that you have required the lib into the tree variable:
``js
var tree = require( 'tree-kit' ) ;
`

.extend( options , target , source1 , [source2] , [...] )

* options Object extend options, it supports the properties:
* own boolean only copy enumerable own properties from the sources
* nonEnum boolean copy non-enumerable properties as well, works only with own:true
* descriptor boolean preserve property's descriptor (i.e. writable, enumerable, configurable, get & set)
* deep: boolean or Array or Set, if true perform a deep (recursive) extend, if it is an Array/Set of prototypes, only deep-copy
objects of those prototypes (it is a replacement for deepFilter.whitelist which was removed in Tree Kit 0.6)
* immutables: an Array/Set of immutable object's prototypes that are filtered out for deep-copy (it is a replacement
for deepFilter.blacklist which was removed in Tree Kit 0.6)
* circular boolean (default to false) if true then circular references are checked and each identical objects are reconnected
(referenced), if false then nested object are blindly cloned
* maxDepth integer used in conjunction with deep, when the max depth is reached an exception is raised, it defaults to 100
when the 'circular' option is off, or defaults to null if 'circular' is on
* move boolean move properties from the sources object to the target object (delete properties from the sources object)
* preserve boolean existing properties in the target object will not be overwritten
* nofunc boolean skip properties that are functions
* deepFunc boolean in conjunction with 'deep', this will process sources functions like objects rather than
copying/referencing them directly into the source (default behaviour), thus, the result will not be a function,
it forces 'deep' options
* proto boolean alter the target's prototype so that it matches the source's prototype.
It forces option 'own'. Specifying multiple sources does not make sens here.
* inherit boolean make the target inherit from the source (the target's prototype will be the source itself, not its prototype).
It forces option 'own' and disable 'proto'. Specifying multiple sources does not make sens here.
* skipRoot boolean prevent the prototype of the target root object from mutation.
Only nested objects' prototype will be mutated.
flat boolean|string sources properties are copied in a way to produce a flat* target, the target's key
is the full path (separated by '.') of the source's key, also if a string is provided it will be used as
the path separator
unflat boolean|string it is the opposite of 'flat': assuming that the sources are in the flat* format,
it expands all flat properties -- whose name are path with '.' as the separator -- deeply into the target,
also if a string is provided it will be used as the path separator
* target Object the target of the extend, properties will be copied to this object
* source1 Object the source of the extend, properties will be copied from this object
* ...

This is a full-featured extend of an object with one or more source object.

It is easily translated from jQuery-like extend():
* extend( target , source ) translate into tree.extend( null , target , source )
* extend( true , target , source ) translate into tree.extend( { deep: true } , target , source )

However, here we have full control over what will be extended and how.

All the options above are inactive by default.
You can pass null as argument #0 to get the default behaviour (= all options are inactive).
So using the default behaviour, tree.extend() will copy all enumerable properties, and perform a shallow copy (a nested object
is not cloned, it remains a reference of the original one).

With the deep option, a deep copy is performed, so nested object are cloned too.

The own option clone only owned properties from the sources, properties that are part of the source's prototype would not
be copied/cloned.

The nonEnum option will clone properties that are not enumerable.

The descriptor option will preserve property's descriptor, e.g. if the source property is not writable and not enumerable,
so will be the copied property.

In case of a getter properties:

without the descriptor* option, the getter function of the source object will be called, the return value will be put
into the target property (so it lose its getter/setter behaviour)
with the descriptor* option, the getter & setter function of the source object will be copied (but not called) into the target
property: the getter/setter behaviour is preserved

If circular is on, the lib will detect when the source's data structure reuses the same object multiple time and will preserve it.
We can see this circular feature in action in this example.

Mixing inherit and deep provides a nice multi-level inheritance.

With the flat option example:
`js
var o = {
one: 1,
sub: {
two: 2,
three: 3
}
} ;

var flatCopy = tree.extend( { flat: true } , {} , o ) ;
`
... it will produce:
`js
{
one: 1,
"sub.two": 2,
"sub.three": 3
}
`

By the way, the unflat option does the opposite, and thus can reverse this back to the original form.

The deepFilter option is used when you do not want to clone some type of object.
Let's say you want a deep copy except for Buffer objects, you simply want them to share the same reference:
`js
var o = {
one: '1' ,
buf: new Buffer( "My buffer" ) ,
subtree: {
two: 2 ,
three: 'THREE'
}
} ;

// either
var extended1 = tree.extend( { deep: true, deepFilter: { whitelist: [ Object.prototype ] } } , {} , o ) ;
// or
var extended2 = tree.extend( { deep: true, deepFilter: { blacklist: [ Buffer.prototype ] } } , {} , o ) ;
`

Doing this, we have o.buf === extended1.buf === extended2.buf, and o.subtree !== extended1.subtree !== extended2.subtree.

.clone( original , [circular] )

* original Object the source object to clone
* circular boolean (default to false) if true then circular references are checked and each identical objects are reconnected
(referenced), if false then nested object are blindly cloned

It returns a clone of the original object, providing the best object-cloning facility that this lib can offer.

The clone produced are perfect independant copy in 99% of use case, but there is one big limitation:
method that access variables in the parent's scope.

The clone will share those variables with the original object, so they are not totally independant entity.
Design pattern using closure to emulate private member (e.g. the revealing pattern) can cause trouble.

If circular is on, the lib will detect when the source's data structure reuses the same object multiple time and will preserve it.


Here is an example of this circular feature:
`js
var o = {
a: 'a',
sub: {
b: 'b'
},
sub2: {
c: 'c'
}
} ;

o.loop = o ;
o.sub.loop = o ;
o.subcopy = o.sub ;
o.sub.link = o.sub2 ;
o.sub2.link = o.sub ;

var c = tree.clone( o , true ) ;

expect( c.loop ).to.be( c ) ;
expect( c.sub ).to.be( c.subcopy ) ;
expect( c.sub.loop ).to.be( c ) ;
expect( c.subcopy.loop ).to.be( c ) ;
expect( c.sub.link ).to.be( c.sub2 ) ;
expect( c.sub2.link ).to.be( c.sub ) ;
`

... without circular on, the clone() method would run forever, creating a new object independant nested object each time
it reaches the loop property.
We can see that the subcopy property remains a reference of sub even in the clone, thanks to the circular option.

However, if we are sure that there isn't multiple reference to the same object or circular references, we can gain a lot of
performances by leaving that options off.
It can save a lot of .indexOf() call on big data structure.

This method does not uses extend() anymore like in version 0.3.x, it now uses its own optimized code.
However it is equivalent to an extend() with those options turned on: deep, own, nonEnum, descriptor & proto.
If circular is on, it has the same effect than the extend()'s circular option.

Also please note that design pattern emulating private members using a closure's scope cannot be truly cloned
(e.g. the revealing pattern).
This is not possible to mutate a function's scope.
So the clone's methods will continue to inherit the parent's scope of the original function.

.diff( left , right , [options] )

* left Object the left-hand side object structure
* right Object the right-hand side object structure
* options Object containing options, it supports:
* path string the initial path, default: empty string
* pathSeparator string the path separator, default: '.'

This tool reports diff between a left-hand side and right-hand side object structure.
It returns an object, each key is a path where a difference is reported, the value being an object containing (again) the path
and a human-readable message.

See this example:
`js
var left = {
a: 'a',
b: 2,
c: 'three',
sub: {
e: 5,
f: 'six',
}
} ;

var right = {
b: 2,
c: 3,
d: 'dee',
sub: {
e: 5,
f: 6,
}
} ;

console.log( tree.diff( a , b ) ) ;
`
It will output:
`js
{ '.a': { path: '.a', message: 'does not exist in right-hand side' },
'.c': { path: '.c', message: 'different typeof: string - number' },
'.sub.f': { path: '.sub.f', message: 'different typeof: string - number' },
'.d': { path: '.d', message: 'does not exist in left-hand side' } }
``