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@ray-js/aes-utils

 

> AES Encryption/Decryption Utilities

⚠️ Security Compliance Update

This package has been updated to meet the latest security standards:

- Encryption Mode: Upgraded from AES-CBC to AES-CTR + HMAC-SHA256 (Authenticated Encryption)
- Hash Algorithm: Replaced MD5 with SHA-256
- Compliance: Meets EU RED (Radio Equipment Directive) and NIST security requirements

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- Authenticated Encryption: Provides both confidentiality (AES-CTR) and data integrity (HMAC-SHA256)
- No Padding Oracle Attacks: CTR is a stream cipher mode, immune to padding vulnerabilities
- Proven Security: CTR + HMAC is a widely recognized AEAD construction
- Standards Compliant: NIST recommended, widely used in security protocols

Note: While AES-GCM is the ideal choice, the crypto-js library does not support GCM mode. AES-CTR + HMAC provides equivalent security as an authenticated encryption scheme.

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Important: This version is not backward compatible with data encrypted by older versions (AES-CBC). Please ensure:

1. All encryption/decryption operations are updated simultaneously
2. Old data is re-encrypted using the new AES-CTR + HMAC mode
3. Both client and server use the same version

Installation

``sh
$ npm install @ray-js/aes-utils
// or
$ yarn add @ray-js/aes-utils
`

Usage

`tsx
import { decryptImage } from '@ray-js/aes-utils';
const base64Image = decryptImage(url, key);
`

Dependencies

> BaseKit >= 2.4.3

`typescript
// BaseKit 2.3.2
ty.downloadFile(options);
const manager = ty.getFileSystemManager();

// BaseKit 2.4.3
const { data } = manager.readFileSync({
filePath: tempFilePath,
encoding: 'base64',
});
`

Migration Guide

This guide helps you migrate from @ray-js/aes-utils v0.0.9 (using AES-CBC) to v1.0.0 (using AES-CTR + HMAC-SHA256).

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According to Tuya Security Compliance Notice (2025-12-25) and EU RED certification requirements:

- AES-CBC no longer meets security standards as of 2026-01-01
- Lacks data integrity protection, vulnerable to padding oracle attacks
- TLS 1.3 has removed AES-CBC support

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| Item | v0.0.9 (Old) | v1.0.0 (New) |
| --------------- | ------------------ | ---------------------------- |
| Encryption Mode | AES-CBC | AES-CTR + HMAC-SHA256 |
| IV Length | 128-bit (16 bytes) | 96-bit (12 bytes) |
| Authentication | ❌ None | ✅ HMAC-SHA256 (256-bit tag) |
| Hash Algorithm | MD5 | SHA-256 |
| Data Format | iv + ciphertext | iv + ciphertext + hmac |
| Backward Compat | N/A | ❌ Not Compatible |

---

⚠️ Breaking Changes

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Old Format (v0.0.9):

`
[16-byte IV][ciphertext]
`

New Format (v1.0.0):

`
[12-byte IV][ciphertext][32-byte HMAC tag]
`

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- v0.0.9: Direct decryption, no integrity verification
- v1.0.0: HMAC verification first, then decrypt (authenticated encryption)

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✅ Good news: All public API signatures remain unchanged

`typescript
// These function signatures haven't changed
encrypt(data, key);
decrypt(data, key);
encryptBase64Data(data, key, keyType);
decryptBase64Data(data, key, keyType);
decryptImage(url, key);
`

---

🔧 Migration Steps

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`bash


1. Check all projects using this library

grep -r "@ray-js/aes-utils" .

2. Identify all encrypted data storage locations

- Database

- Local storage

- File system

- API transfer data

`

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Choose one of the following strategies:

#### Strategy A: One-time Migration (Recommended for small projects)

`typescript
// 1. Decrypt all data using old version
import { decrypt as oldDecrypt } from '@ray-js/aes-utils@0.0.9';

// 2. Upgrade to new version
// npm install @ray-js/aes-utils@1.0.0

// 3. Re-encrypt using new version
import { encrypt as newEncrypt } from '@ray-js/aes-utils@1.0.0';

// 4. Replace all data
const oldData = oldDecrypt(encryptedData, key);
const newEncryptedData = newEncrypt(oldData, key);
`

#### Strategy B: Dual Version Compatibility (Recommended for large projects)

`typescript
// Install both versions using aliases
// package.json:
{
"dependencies": {
"@ray-js/aes-utils": "1.0.0",
"@ray-js/aes-utils-legacy": "npm:@ray-js/aes-utils@0.0.9"
}
}
`

`typescript
// Implement compatibility layer
import { decrypt as newDecrypt } from '@ray-js/aes-utils';
import { decrypt as oldDecrypt } from '@ray-js/aes-utils-legacy';

function compatibleDecrypt(data: string, key: string): string {
try {
// Try new format (with HMAC)
return newDecrypt(data, key);
} catch (error) {
// Fallback to old format
console.warn('Decrypting with old format, recommend re-encrypting this data');
return oldDecrypt(data, key);
}
}
`

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`typescript
// migrate-data.ts
import { decrypt as oldDecrypt } from '@ray-js/aes-utils-legacy';
import { encrypt as newEncrypt } from '@ray-js/aes-utils';

interface EncryptedRecord {
id: string;
encryptedData: string;
}

async function migrateDatabase(key: string) {
const records = await db.getAllEncryptedRecords();
let successCount = 0;
let failCount = 0;

for (const record of records) {
try {
// 1. Decrypt using old version
const plaintext = oldDecrypt(record.encryptedData, key);

// 2. Encrypt using new version
const newEncrypted = newEncrypt(plaintext, key);

// 3. Update database
await db.update(record.id, { encryptedData: newEncrypted });

successCount++;
console.log(✅ Migrated: ${record.id});
} catch (error) {
failCount++;
console.error(❌ Migration failed: ${record.id}, error);
}
}

console.log(\nMigration complete: ${successCount} successful, ${failCount} failed);
}

// Execute migration
migrateDatabase('your-encryption-key')
.then(() => console.log('Data migration complete'))
.catch(console.error);
`

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`typescript
// test-migration.ts
import { encrypt, decrypt } from '@ray-js/aes-utils';

const testKey = 'OQMpT3obElFmXzBMBGgoPw==';
const testData = 'Hello, World! 你好世界！';

// 1. Basic encryption/decryption test
console.log('Test 1: Basic functionality');
const encrypted = encrypt(testData, testKey);
const decrypted = decrypt(encrypted, testKey);
console.assert(decrypted === testData, '❌ Decryption failed');
console.log('✅ Basic functionality works');

// 2. HMAC tampering detection test
console.log('\nTest 2: HMAC tampering detection');
const tamperedData = encrypted.slice(0, -10) + '0000000000';
try {
decrypt(tamperedData, testKey);
console.error('❌ Should have detected tampering');
} catch (error) {
console.log('✅ Successfully detected data tampering');
}

// 3. Old data incompatibility test
console.log('\nTest 3: Old data compatibility');
const oldFormatData = 'AQAAAESzsJZ93dvv...'; // Data encrypted with v0.0.9
try {
decrypt(oldFormatData, testKey);
console.error('❌ Should not successfully decrypt old format data');
} catch (error) {
console.log('✅ Correctly rejected old format data');
}

// 4. Base64 functionality test
console.log('\nTest 4: Base64 encoding');
import { encryptBase64Data, decryptBase64Data } from '@ray-js/aes-utils';
const base64Encrypted = encryptBase64Data(testData, testKey, 'base64');
const base64Decrypted = decryptBase64Data(base64Encrypted, testKey, 'base64');
console.assert(base64Decrypted === testData, '❌ Base64 decryption failed');
console.log('✅ Base64 functionality works');

console.log('\n🎉 All tests passed!');
`

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`bash


1. Test in development environment

npm install @ray-js/aes-utils@1.0.0
npm test

2. Verify in staging environment

- Run data migration script

- Verify all functionality

- Perform load testing

3. Deploy to production

- Choose off-peak hours

- Prepare rollback plan

- Monitor error logs

4. Post-migration cleanup

- Remove old version dependency

- Delete compatibility layer code

- Update documentation

`

---

📝 Code Examples

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`typescript
import { encrypt, decrypt } from '@ray-js/aes-utils';

const key = 'OQMpT3obElFmXzBMBGgoPw==';
const message = 'Sensitive data';

// Encrypt
const encrypted = encrypt(message, key);
console.log('Encrypted:', encrypted);

// Decrypt
const decrypted = decrypt(encrypted, key);
console.log('Decrypted:', decrypted); // 'Sensitive data'
`

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`typescript
import { decryptImage } from '@ray-js/aes-utils';

// Decrypt image URL
const imageUrl = 'https://example.com/encrypted-image';
const key = 'your-encryption-key';

const base64Image = await decryptImage(imageUrl, key);
console.log('Decrypted image Base64:', base64Image);
`

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`typescript
import { decrypt as oldDecrypt } from '@ray-js/aes-utils-legacy';
import { encrypt as newEncrypt } from '@ray-js/aes-utils';

async function migrateBatch(records: Array<{ id: string; data: string }>, key: string) {
const results = await Promise.allSettled(
records.map(async record => {
const plaintext = oldDecrypt(record.data, key);
const newEncrypted = newEncrypt(plaintext, key);
await saveToDatabase(record.id, newEncrypted);
return record.id;
})
);

const successful = results.filter(r => r.status === 'fulfilled').length;
const failed = results.filter(r => r.status === 'rejected').length;

return { successful, failed };
}
`

---

🔄 Rollback Plan

If you encounter issues after migration, you can rollback to v0.0.9:

`bash


1. Rollback npm package

npm install @ray-js/aes-utils@0.0.9

2. Restore data backup

Restore database from pre-migration backup

3. Restart application

npm run build
npm run start
`

Important Notes:

- ⚠️ Data encrypted with v1.0.0 cannot be decrypted by v0.0.9
- Must restore data from pre-migration backup
- Recommend making complete data backup before migration

---

❓ FAQ

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A: The data formats are completely different:

- Old version has no HMAC tag, new version must verify HMAC
- IV length changed (16 bytes → 12 bytes)
- Different encryption modes (CBC → CTR)

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A: It will cause encryption/decryption failures:

- New version encrypts → Old version cannot decrypt (missing HMAC handling)
- Old version encrypts → New version cannot decrypt (HMAC verification fails)

All systems using this library must be updated synchronously!

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A: No. Coordinated updates are required:

`
Scenario 1 - Old server, new client:
Client encrypts with new format → Server cannot decrypt ❌

Scenario 2 - New server, old client:
Server encrypts with new format → Client cannot decrypt ❌

Correct approach:
Update both server and client simultaneously ✅
`

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A: Recommend using "dual-write" strategy:

`typescript
// Support both formats during migration period
function sendData(data: string, key: string) {
return {
legacy: oldEncrypt(data, key), // Compatible with old clients
modern: newEncrypt(data, key), // For new clients
};
}

function receiveData(payload: any, key: string) {
if (payload.modern) {
return newDecrypt(payload.modern, key);
} else {
return oldDecrypt(payload.legacy, key);
}
}
`

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A: Depends on data volume:

- Small projects (< 1GB data): 1-2 hours
- Medium projects (1-10GB data): 4-8 hours
- Large projects (> 10GB data): Batch migration required, may take days

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A: AES-CTR + HMAC performs slightly better than AES-CBC:

- CTR mode can be parallelized
- No padding required
- HMAC computation overhead is minimal (< 1ms)

Benchmark tests show ~5-10% performance improvement.

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A: Checklist:

`bash
✅ All encrypted data can be decrypted normally
✅ HMAC tampering detection works correctly
✅ Application functions completely normally
✅ No decryption error logs
✅ Performance metrics normal
✅ Can delete old version dependency
``

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A: Possible causes:

1. Attempting to decrypt old format data → Use compatibility layer
2. Data tampered during transmission → Check network/storage
3. Using wrong key → Verify key configuration
4. Data corruption → Restore from backup

---

📞 Support & Feedback

If you encounter problems during migration:

1. Check CHANGELOG.md
2. Submit an Issue to GitHub
3. Contact Tuya Technical Support

---

📚 Further Reading

- NIST Authenticated Encryption Guide
- TLS 1.3 Specification
- OWASP Cryptographic Storage Best Practices
- Padding Oracle Attack Explained

---

Good luck with your migration! 🎉

Feel free to reach out if you have any questions.